{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396982193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3402155","title":"ProGen: Projection-Based Adversarial Attack Generation Against Network Intrusion Detection","display_name":"ProGen: Projection-Based Adversarial Attack Generation Against Network Intrusion Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396982193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3402155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3402155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3402155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102876450","display_name":"Minxiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3646-9479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minxiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Program, School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Program, School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100662844","display_name":"Ning Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-6632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Program, School of Computing, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-6632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Program, School of Computing, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098670995","display_name":"Nicolas J. Forcade-Perkins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas J. Forcade-Perkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077388020","display_name":"Ning Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-8383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Program, School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-8383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Program, School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98328814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"5476","last_page":"5491"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8467167615890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8067030310630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6954513192176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-prevention-system","display_name":"Intrusion prevention system","score":0.4978773593902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4845839738845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4734762907028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.4550935924053192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.42226314544677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.143344908952713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8467167615890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8067030310630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6954513192176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27061796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion prevention system","level":3,"score":0.4978773593902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4845839738845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4734762907028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4550935924053192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.42226314544677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.143344908952713}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3402155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3402155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1995678176","https://openalex.org/W2334853001","https://openalex.org/W2577946330","https://openalex.org/W2591712613","https://openalex.org/W2766282988","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2809895662","https://openalex.org/W2886533716","https://openalex.org/W2923778952","https://openalex.org/W2955240225","https://openalex.org/W2959169310","https://openalex.org/W2963391384","https://openalex.org/W2970548565","https://openalex.org/W3006008420","https://openalex.org/W3009195050","https://openalex.org/W3045858585","https://openalex.org/W3088157974","https://openalex.org/W3094402648","https://openalex.org/W3102844060","https://openalex.org/W3105604018","https://openalex.org/W3111088413","https://openalex.org/W3134622107","https://openalex.org/W3165205057","https://openalex.org/W3168146198","https://openalex.org/W3176065393","https://openalex.org/W3180062783","https://openalex.org/W4206471589","https://openalex.org/W4283313119","https://openalex.org/W4285110406","https://openalex.org/W4290991003","https://openalex.org/W4313591247","https://openalex.org/W4324007187","https://openalex.org/W4391989542","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6732248266","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6765451912","https://openalex.org/W6766909340","https://openalex.org/W6794103382","https://openalex.org/W6845884269","https://openalex.org/W6855251345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376886931","https://openalex.org/W2351448539","https://openalex.org/W1992118813","https://openalex.org/W1495178644","https://openalex.org/W2383892082","https://openalex.org/W2185594426","https://openalex.org/W2374845301","https://openalex.org/W2357927603","https://openalex.org/W4200619826","https://openalex.org/W2376791828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adversarial":[0],"attacks,":[1,33,216],"widely":[2],"recognized":[3],"as":[4,58],"significant":[5],"threats":[6],"to":[7,54,60,83,143,172,198,221,251,268],"machine":[8],"learning":[9],"(ML)":[10],"models":[11,76,240],"in":[12,43,80,95,125,176,255],"computer":[13],"vision":[14],"and":[15,50,120,161,205,245],"natural":[16],"language":[17],"processing,":[18],"can":[19,87,290],"have":[20],"more":[21],"severe":[22],"consequences":[23],"when":[24],"targeting":[25],"ML-based":[26,89],"Network":[27],"Intrusion":[28],"Detection":[29],"Systems":[30],"(NIDS).":[31],"These":[32],"characterized":[34],"by":[35,151],"data":[36,49,106],"manipulation,":[37],"necessitate":[38],"a":[39,136,166,177,186,191],"focused":[40],"investigation":[41],"grounded":[42],"the":[44,48,55,96,116,126,156,211,223,226,232,242,261,265,270,274,293],"unique":[45],"attributes":[46],"of":[47,98,128,155,225,234,264,280],"practical":[51],"constraints":[52,220],"inherent":[53],"target":[56],"scenario,":[57],"opposed":[59],"indiscriminately":[61],"applying":[62],"methodologies":[63],"borrowed":[64],"from":[65,288],"other":[66],"domains.":[67],"Since":[68],"network":[69,174,196,257],"traffic":[70,105,175,192,204],"is":[71,122,149],"complex":[72],"unstructured":[73],"data,":[74],"ML":[75,112,239,298],"are":[77],"commonly":[78],"used":[79],"existing":[81],"studies":[82],"explore":[84],"how":[85],"perturbations":[86],"defeat":[88],"IDS.":[90],"However,":[91],"two":[92,146,152],"challenges":[93],"persist":[94],"realm":[97],"traffic-space":[99],"adversarial":[100,138,195,215,227],"attack":[101,139,281],"generation.":[102],"First,":[103],"raw":[104],"cannot":[107],"be":[108],"directly":[109],"input":[110],"into":[111],"models.":[113,299],"Second,":[114],"determining":[115],"appropriate":[117],"perturbation":[118],"scale":[119],"direction":[121],"challenging,":[123],"particularly":[124],"case":[127],"multi-class":[129],"NIDS.":[130],"In":[131],"this":[132],"work,":[133],"we":[134,217],"propose":[135],"projection-based":[137],"generation":[140],"framework,":[141],"ProGen,":[142],"address":[144],"these":[145,253],"challenges.":[147],"ProGen":[148,164,189,235,289],"inspired":[150],"observed":[153],"characteristics":[154],"NIDS":[157],"scenario:":[158],"flexible":[159],"representation":[160],"clear":[162,187],"objective.":[163],"uses":[165],"basic":[167],"feature":[168],"sequence":[169],"(BFS)":[170],"space":[171,193],"represent":[173],"way":[178],"that":[179,285],"aligns":[180],"with":[181],"realistic":[182,276],"requirements.":[183],"To":[184,208],"achieve":[185],"objective,":[188],"utilizes":[190],"generative":[194,212],"(GAN)":[197],"approximate":[199],"distribution":[200],"mapping":[201],"between":[202],"malicious":[203],"benign":[206],"traffic.":[207,228],"better":[209],"apply":[210],"model":[213],"for":[214],"further":[218],"design":[219],"preserve":[222],"functions":[224],"We\u2019ve":[229],"successfully":[230],"demonstrated":[231],"effectiveness":[233,282],"on":[236],"six":[237],"common":[238],"using":[241],"CSE-CIC-IDS2018,":[243],"CIC-IDS-2017,":[244],"UNSW-NB15":[246],"datasets;":[247],"however,":[248],"we\u2019re":[249],"yet":[250],"validate":[252],"findings":[254],"real":[256],"environments.":[258],"We":[259],"visualize":[260],"generated":[262,287],"distributions":[263],"BFS":[266],"elements":[267],"illustrate":[269],"projecting":[271],"effect":[272],"under":[273],"designed":[275],"constraints.":[277],"The":[278],"results":[279],"tests":[283],"show":[284],"attacks":[286],"significantly":[291],"reduce":[292],"detection":[294],"performance":[295],"across":[296],"different":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-07-10T07:45:09.275182","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
