{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396680465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3397037","title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Key Generation for Millimeter-Wave Multi-User Systems","display_name":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Key Generation for Millimeter-Wave Multi-User Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396680465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3397037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3397037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3397037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030695596","display_name":"Tianyu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-1594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-1594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030223441","display_name":"Liquan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-4939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liquan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-4939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717357","display_name":"Junqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-2926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U. K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-2926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U. K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000939963","display_name":"Chen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5161-8973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5161-8973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049089848","display_name":"Trung Q. Duong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trung Q. Duong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada","Institute of Electronics Communications & Information Technology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics Communications & Information Technology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75484924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"5373","last_page":"5388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7963606715202332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6333737373352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.628592848777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.5645692944526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.48417359590530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karush\u2013kuhn\u2013tucker-conditions","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","score":0.4734192490577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.43979576230049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.35775026679039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.34681910276412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3383166193962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33480072021484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20509541034698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.11539080739021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09940570592880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07930454611778259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7963606715202332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6333737373352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.628592848777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.5645692944526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.48417359590530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50454189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075125","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","level":2,"score":0.4734192490577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.43979576230049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.35775026679039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.34681910276412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3383166193962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33480072021484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20509541034698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.11539080739021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09940570592880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07930454611778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3397037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3397037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2259478128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G313579050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V027697/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5575763847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFE0200600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5910807253","display_name":"A New Frontier For Internet of Things Security: Far-Flung Key Generation","funder_award_id":"EP/V027697/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522345630","https://openalex.org/W1612695118","https://openalex.org/W2015301486","https://openalex.org/W2054496355","https://openalex.org/W2122988249","https://openalex.org/W2128989846","https://openalex.org/W2145013959","https://openalex.org/W2325670192","https://openalex.org/W2436581410","https://openalex.org/W2518646054","https://openalex.org/W2916993856","https://openalex.org/W2963532871","https://openalex.org/W2970297297","https://openalex.org/W2981994442","https://openalex.org/W3006316852","https://openalex.org/W3038533179","https://openalex.org/W3045385301","https://openalex.org/W3049088677","https://openalex.org/W3084194173","https://openalex.org/W3088972703","https://openalex.org/W3089065083","https://openalex.org/W3110206359","https://openalex.org/W3114262415","https://openalex.org/W3117633996","https://openalex.org/W3122864568","https://openalex.org/W3132465714","https://openalex.org/W3133878048","https://openalex.org/W3154003282","https://openalex.org/W3160036209","https://openalex.org/W3180206688","https://openalex.org/W3195333310","https://openalex.org/W3198654303","https://openalex.org/W3202943682","https://openalex.org/W3215165642","https://openalex.org/W4205915305","https://openalex.org/W4285307882","https://openalex.org/W4293173809","https://openalex.org/W4312610058","https://openalex.org/W4315629773","https://openalex.org/W4366504008","https://openalex.org/W4372054852","https://openalex.org/W4376480552","https://openalex.org/W4385453364","https://openalex.org/W4386077583","https://openalex.org/W4387870979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155858901","https://openalex.org/W4382519099","https://openalex.org/W2491194410","https://openalex.org/W2917933030","https://openalex.org/W1515727993","https://openalex.org/W2037179686","https://openalex.org/W2802398440","https://openalex.org/W2489379490","https://openalex.org/W2141031289","https://openalex.org/W1983617143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"layer":[1],"key":[2,28],"generation":[3],"(PLKG)":[4],"leverages":[5],"wireless":[6],"channels":[7],"to":[8,72,93,157,209],"produce":[9],"secret":[10,77],"keys":[11],"for":[12,49,107,117,161,186,218],"legitimate":[13],"users.":[14],"However,":[15],"in":[16,83,120,204],"millimetre-wave":[17],"(mmWave)":[18],"frequency":[19],"bands,":[20],"the":[21,27,55,61,67,74,104,109,114,118,121,128,132,140,153,163,167,175,202,215,219],"presence":[22],"of":[23,31,69,76,123,174],"blockage":[24],"significantly":[25],"reduces":[26],"rate":[29],"(KR)":[30],"a":[32,46,88,99,147,181,187,196],"PLKG":[33,229],"system.":[34],"To":[35,79,126],"address":[36],"this":[37],"issue,":[38],"we":[39,86,130,145,179,194,224],"introduce":[40],"reconfigurable":[41],"intelligent":[42],"surfaces":[43],"(RISs)":[44],"as":[45],"potential":[47],"solution":[48],"constructing":[50],"RIS-reflected":[51],"channels,":[52],"thereby":[53],"enhancing":[54],"KR.":[56,220],"Our":[57],"study":[58],"focuses":[59],"on":[60,139,152],"beam-domain":[62,110,164,176],"channel":[63,100,165,169,172,177],"model":[64],"and":[65,97,135,213],"exploits":[66,201],"sparsity":[68],"mmWave":[70],"bands":[71],"enhance":[73],"randomness":[75],"keys.":[78],"relieve":[80],"pilot":[81,211],"overhead":[82,212],"multi-user":[84],"systems,":[85],"employ":[87,146],"compressed":[89],"sensing":[90],"(CS)":[91],"algorithm":[92,149],"estimate":[94],"angular":[95,142],"information":[96],"propose":[98],"probing":[101],"protocol":[102],"with":[103,166],"full-array":[105,124],"configuration":[106,198],"acquiring":[108],"channel.":[111],"We":[112],"derive":[113,214],"analytical":[115,216],"expressions":[116],"KR":[119],"case":[122],"configuration.":[125],"optimize":[127,158],"KR,":[129],"design":[131,180,195],"phase":[133],"shift":[134],"precoding":[136],"vectors":[137],"based":[138],"obtained":[141],"information.":[143],"Furthermore,":[144],"water-filling":[148],"that":[150,200,226],"relies":[151],"Karush-Kuhn-Tucker":[154],"(KKT)":[155],"conditions":[156],"power":[159,183],"allocation":[160,184],"estimating":[162],"same":[168],"variance.":[170],"When":[171],"variances":[173],"differ,":[178],"deep-learning-based":[182],"method":[185],"more":[188],"complex":[189],"problem.":[190],"What":[191],"is":[192],"more,":[193],"sub-array":[197],"scheme":[199],"difference":[203],"spatial":[205],"angles":[206],"between":[207],"users":[208],"reduce":[210],"expression":[217],"Through":[221],"extensive":[222],"simulations,":[223],"demonstrate":[225],"our":[227],"proposed":[228],"schemes":[230],"outperform":[231],"existing":[232],"methods.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}