{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396574997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3396390","title":"MEGR-APT: A Memory-Efficient APT Hunting System Based on Attack Representation Learning","display_name":"MEGR-APT: A Memory-Efficient APT Hunting System Based on Attack Representation Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396574997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3396390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3396390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3396390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101946640","display_name":"Ahmed H. Aly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7626-8124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Aly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075654187","display_name":"Shahrear Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7819-5715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098097","display_name":"Research and Productivity Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00yeap462","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahrear Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098097","https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085765243","display_name":"Amr Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-8646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amr Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042458153","display_name":"Essam Mansour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1319-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Essam Mansour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101946640"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8207,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97780307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"5257","last_page":"5271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8385350704193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5000801086425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4311876893043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3571264147758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3204367756843567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8385350704193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5000801086425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4311876893043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3571264147758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3204367756843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3396390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3396390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:bd451f0f-df63-4ab5-ace8-3f6f51f6dcf1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=bd451f0f-df63-4ab5-ace8-3f6f51f6dcf1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036380454","https://openalex.org/W2039427951","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2135577024","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2221682991","https://openalex.org/W2284900416","https://openalex.org/W2604314403","https://openalex.org/W2790557990","https://openalex.org/W2801835932","https://openalex.org/W2886929670","https://openalex.org/W2906943923","https://openalex.org/W2910711617","https://openalex.org/W2916592590","https://openalex.org/W2947745012","https://openalex.org/W2962703433","https://openalex.org/W2976803856","https://openalex.org/W2978956219","https://openalex.org/W2998038410","https://openalex.org/W2999096842","https://openalex.org/W3015650867","https://openalex.org/W3045004532","https://openalex.org/W3080555959","https://openalex.org/W3099203541","https://openalex.org/W3110889769","https://openalex.org/W3133319183","https://openalex.org/W3135578542","https://openalex.org/W3172594102","https://openalex.org/W3176367300","https://openalex.org/W3204707456","https://openalex.org/W3211430557","https://openalex.org/W3211484264","https://openalex.org/W3211888892","https://openalex.org/W3212868562","https://openalex.org/W3214329506","https://openalex.org/W4200329746","https://openalex.org/W4206199331","https://openalex.org/W4206482253","https://openalex.org/W4210803071","https://openalex.org/W4225697716","https://openalex.org/W4226139354","https://openalex.org/W4281383000","https://openalex.org/W4288057803","https://openalex.org/W4294238081","https://openalex.org/W4311703141","https://openalex.org/W4312948208","https://openalex.org/W4328028676","https://openalex.org/W4383619745","https://openalex.org/W4384948624","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6678846912","https://openalex.org/W6743841043","https://openalex.org/W6763172785","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6768744961","https://openalex.org/W6771932116","https://openalex.org/W6781932242","https://openalex.org/W6784472380","https://openalex.org/W6793953445","https://openalex.org/W6794740203","https://openalex.org/W6803339927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"stealthy":[1],"and":[2,49,159,170,192,223],"persistent":[3,33],"nature":[4],"of":[5,13,26,57,61,68,105,149,207,221],"Advanced":[6],"Persistent":[7],"Threats":[8],"(APTs)":[9],"makes":[10],"them":[11],"one":[12],"the":[14,24,55],"most":[15],"challenging":[16],"cyber":[17],"threats":[18],"to":[19,30,101,122,217],"uncover.":[20],"Several":[21],"systems":[22,80,98,183],"adopted":[23],"development":[25],"provenance-graph-based":[27],"security":[28],"solutions":[29],"capture":[31],"this":[32,112],"nature.":[34],"Provenance":[35],"graphs":[36],"(PGs)":[37],"represent":[38],"system":[39,44,121],"audit":[40,62],"logs":[41,63],"by":[42],"connecting":[43],"entities":[45],"using":[46,184,198],"causal":[47],"relations":[48],"information":[50],"flows.":[51],"Hunting":[52],"APTs":[53,141],"demands":[54],"processing":[56],"ever-growing":[58],"large-scale":[59],"PGs":[60],"for":[64],"a":[65,117,143,156,199],"wide":[66],"range":[67],"activities":[69],"over":[70,155],"months":[71],"or":[72,89,108],"years,":[73],"i.e.,":[74],"multi-terabyte":[75],"graphs.":[76],"Existing":[77],"APT":[78,119,182,186],"hunting":[79,120],"are":[81,99],"typically":[82],"memory-based,":[83],"which":[84,91],"suffers":[85,92],"colossal":[86],"memory":[87,211],"consumption,":[88],"disk-based,":[90],"from":[93],"performance":[94,216],"hits.":[95],"Therefore,":[96],"these":[97],"hard":[100],"scale":[102],"in":[103,133,142,210,219],"terms":[104,220],"graph":[106,157,166],"size":[107],"time":[109,222],"performance.":[110],"In":[111],"paper,":[113],"we":[114],"propose":[115],"MEGR-APT,":[116],"scalable":[118],"discover":[123],"suspicious":[124,150],"subgraphs":[125,151],"matching":[126,163],"an":[127,205],"attack":[128,173],"scenario":[129],"(query":[130],"graph)":[131],"published":[132],"Cyber":[134],"Threat":[135],"Intelligence":[136],"(CTI)":[137],"reports.":[138],"MEGR-APT":[139,178,203],"hunts":[140],"twofold":[144],"process:":[145],"(i)":[146],"memory-efficient":[147],"extraction":[148],"as":[152,189],"search":[153],"queries":[154],"database,":[158],"(ii)":[160],"fast":[161],"subgraph":[162],"based":[164],"on":[165],"neural":[167],"network":[168],"(GNN)":[169],"our":[171],"effective":[172],"representation":[174],"learning.":[175],"We":[176,194],"compared":[177],"with":[179],"state-of-the-art":[180],"(SOTA)":[181],"popular":[185],"benchmarks,":[187],"such":[188],"DARPA":[190],"TC3":[191],"OpTC.":[193],"also":[195],"tested":[196],"it":[197],"real":[200],"enterprise":[201],"dataset.":[202],"achieves":[204],"order":[206],"magnitude":[208],"reduction":[209],"consumption":[212],"while":[213],"achieving":[214],"comparable":[215],"SOTA":[218],"accuracy.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}