{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394938924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3390995","title":"Discrete Spectral Encryption of Single-Carrier Signals With Pseudo Random Dynamic Keys","display_name":"Discrete Spectral Encryption of Single-Carrier Signals With Pseudo Random Dynamic Keys","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394938924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3390995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3390995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3390995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2024.3390995","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050961175","display_name":"Marcelo L. F. Abbade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2823-4725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo L. F. Abbade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), S&#x00E3;o Jo&#x00E3;o da Boa Vista, Rio Claro, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2823-4725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), S&#x00E3;o Jo&#x00E3;o da Boa Vista, Rio Claro, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059031755","display_name":"Welerson Santos Souza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177909021","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdc6m37","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Welerson S. Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola de Engenharia de S&#x00E3;o Carlos, Universidade de S&#x00E3;o Paulo (USP), S&#x00E3;o Carlos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola de Engenharia de S&#x00E3;o Carlos, Universidade de S&#x00E3;o Paulo (USP), S&#x00E3;o Carlos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110209254","display_name":"M. O. SANTOS","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa O. Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), S&#x00E3;o Jo&#x00E3;o da Boa Vista, Rio Claro, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), S&#x00E3;o Jo&#x00E3;o da Boa Vista, Rio Claro, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027069394","display_name":"I. Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-9242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan E. L. Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), S&#x00E3;o Jo&#x00E3;o da Boa Vista, Rio Claro, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), S&#x00E3;o Jo&#x00E3;o da Boa Vista, Rio Claro, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072603054","display_name":"Ivan Aldaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7969-3051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Aldaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), S&#x00E3;o Jo&#x00E3;o da Boa Vista, Rio Claro, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7969-3051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), S&#x00E3;o Jo&#x00E3;o da Boa Vista, Rio Claro, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071955217","display_name":"Luiz Henrique Bonani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-4202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71715416","display_name":"Universidade Federal do ABC","ror":"https://ror.org/028kg9j04","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiz. H. Bonani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ci&#x00EA;ncias Sociais, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-4202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ci&#x00EA;ncias Sociais, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029226002","display_name":"Murilo A. Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2312-7253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177909021","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdc6m37","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murilo A. Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola de Engenharia de S&#x00E3;o Carlos, Universidade de S&#x00E3;o Paulo (USP), S&#x00E3;o Carlos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2312-7253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola de Engenharia de S&#x00E3;o Carlos, Universidade de S&#x00E3;o Paulo (USP), S&#x00E3;o Carlos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9661,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72737191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"4914","last_page":"4929"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.8267768621444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7439671754837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrambling","display_name":"Scrambling","score":0.47948986291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.44412845373153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4168270230293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35405129194259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27189385890960693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.8267768621444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7439671754837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182548165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2261483","display_name":"Scrambling","level":2,"score":0.47948986291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.44412845373153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4168270230293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35405129194259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27189385890960693}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3390995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3390995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/304700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2024.3390995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"instacron:UNESP","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/304700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2024.3390995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"instacron:UNESP","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5937509217","display_name":"Signal spectral cryptography adapted to the advanced encryption standard paradigm","funder_award_id":"19/02720-7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W949353694","https://openalex.org/W1548054869","https://openalex.org/W1892798954","https://openalex.org/W2002131976","https://openalex.org/W2005570745","https://openalex.org/W2028450740","https://openalex.org/W2042150827","https://openalex.org/W2058172255","https://openalex.org/W2089373874","https://openalex.org/W2096944245","https://openalex.org/W2105145864","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2111971663","https://openalex.org/W2125802182","https://openalex.org/W2127635710","https://openalex.org/W2132689238","https://openalex.org/W2137482674","https://openalex.org/W2138682214","https://openalex.org/W2165204198","https://openalex.org/W2166961970","https://openalex.org/W2348469802","https://openalex.org/W2408070589","https://openalex.org/W2728092904","https://openalex.org/W2741592877","https://openalex.org/W2779891480","https://openalex.org/W2807287622","https://openalex.org/W2892810911","https://openalex.org/W2893840958","https://openalex.org/W2902548995","https://openalex.org/W2963293709","https://openalex.org/W2990382114","https://openalex.org/W2998557436","https://openalex.org/W2999249171","https://openalex.org/W3033752005","https://openalex.org/W3097847617","https://openalex.org/W3099211045","https://openalex.org/W3211620815","https://openalex.org/W4224210264","https://openalex.org/W4282563719","https://openalex.org/W4312232323","https://openalex.org/W4321021187","https://openalex.org/W6678971693","https://openalex.org/W6771841006","https://openalex.org/W6772770135","https://openalex.org/W6891975805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W69312893","https://openalex.org/W2349686135","https://openalex.org/W84934912","https://openalex.org/W936781193","https://openalex.org/W2353936545","https://openalex.org/W2153933599","https://openalex.org/W2386594575","https://openalex.org/W4307248189","https://openalex.org/W3093954335","https://openalex.org/W4205482204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0,165],"layer":[1,166],"security":[2,60],"is":[3,180,202],"a":[4,29,128],"crucial":[5],"step":[6],"towards":[7],"fully":[8],"secure":[9],"communications":[10],"systems.":[11],"The":[12,138,191,225],"flexibility":[13],"and":[14,23,55,61,80,89,106,188,241,257],"ubiquity":[15],"of":[16,35,53,64,76,121,123,132,140,183,197,207,217,231],"digital":[17],"signal":[18,67,186,201],"processors":[19],"in":[20,58],"modern":[21],"wireless":[22],"optical":[24],"communication":[25],"systems":[26],"open":[27],"up":[28],"clear":[30],"path":[31],"for":[32,135],"the":[33,50,59,73,82,118,124,151,155,170,177,184,198,203,212,215,229,244],"development":[34],"discrete-signals":[36],"encryption":[37,238],"techniques,":[38],"which":[39],"can":[40,111],"be":[41,112],"implemented":[42],"relatively":[43],"cheap.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46,252],"paper,":[47],"we":[48],"show":[49,96],"fundamental":[51],"role":[52],"amplitude":[54,86,99],"phase":[56,108,130],"encoding":[57,78,87,109],"practical":[62],"implementation":[63,75],"linear":[65],"discrete":[66],"cryptography":[68],"(DSC).":[69],"We":[70],"focus":[71],"on":[72],"spectral":[74,85,90,107],"these":[77],"schemes":[79],"consider":[81],"equivalence":[83],"between":[84],"(SAE)":[88],"scrambling":[91],"(SS).":[92],"Numerical":[93],"simulation":[94],"results":[95,167],"that":[97,169,206],"16-quadrature":[98],"modulation":[100],"(16-QAM)":[101],"signals":[102,148,179,208],"encrypted":[103,147,178,245],"by":[104,154],"SS":[105],"(SPE)":[110],"recovered":[113],"only":[114],"if":[115],"eavesdroppers":[116],"know":[117],"exact":[119],"position":[120],"~95%":[122],"scrambled":[125],"samples":[126],"with":[127,176],"maximum":[129],"error":[131,172],"\u00b1":[133],"7\u00b0":[134],"all":[136],"samples.":[137],"number":[139],"brute":[141],"force":[142],"attacks":[143],"to":[144,222,236,243],"break":[145],"such":[146],"far":[149],"exceeds":[150],"one":[152],"provided":[153],"widely":[156],"deployed":[157,185],"data":[158],"ciphering":[159],"algorithm":[160],"Advanced":[161],"Encryption":[162],"Standard":[163],"(AES).":[164],"reveal":[168],"bit":[171],"ratio":[173,195],"(BER)":[174],"associated":[175],"0.50":[181],"regardless":[182],"format":[187],"DSC":[189],"scheme.":[190],"BER":[192],"vs.":[193],"signal-to-noise":[194],"performance":[196],"encrypted/":[199],"decrypted":[200],"same":[204],"as":[205],"not":[209],"encrypted.":[210],"Finally,":[211],"paper":[213,226],"proposes":[214],"adoption":[216],"pseudo-random":[218,232],"dynamic":[219,233],"keys":[220,234],"(PRDKs)":[221,235],"encrypt":[223],"signals.":[224,246],"also":[227],"investigates":[228],"use":[230],"promote":[237],"randomness,":[239],"diffusion,":[240],"confusion":[242,258],"A":[247],"new":[248],"numerical":[249],"methodology":[250],"shows":[251],"strategy":[253],"outperforms":[254],"AES":[255],"diffusion":[256],"properties.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
