{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390045019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3345640","title":"A2-CLM: Few-Shot Malware Detection Based on Adversarial Heterogeneous Graph Augmentation","display_name":"A2-CLM: Few-Shot Malware Detection Based on Adversarial Heterogeneous Graph Augmentation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390045019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3345640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3345640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3345640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079131572","display_name":"Chen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8803-9617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8803-9617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688208","display_name":"Bo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6297-712X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6297-712X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042467880","display_name":"Jun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2655-3888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2655-3888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101006460","display_name":"Weiwei Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104473141","display_name":"Xudong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7102-0963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070748632","display_name":"Chunpei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0250-5374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunpei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering and the School of Software, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0250-5374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering and the School of Software, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89456766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"2023","last_page":"2038"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8662151098251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7625994682312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5406879782676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.522742509841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.487308144569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4602441191673279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.4107292890548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.374109148979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2312752902507782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8662151098251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7625994682312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5406879782676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.522742509841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.487308144569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4602441191673279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.4107292890548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.374109148979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2312752902507782}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3345640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3345640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321125","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012459404","https://openalex.org/W2047181172","https://openalex.org/W2061922307","https://openalex.org/W2469346691","https://openalex.org/W2563273224","https://openalex.org/W2743159750","https://openalex.org/W2750875381","https://openalex.org/W2752485287","https://openalex.org/W2808927717","https://openalex.org/W2842511635","https://openalex.org/W2917661079","https://openalex.org/W2939746199","https://openalex.org/W2966270452","https://openalex.org/W2982318303","https://openalex.org/W2982631433","https://openalex.org/W2982705228","https://openalex.org/W3006711782","https://openalex.org/W3007406851","https://openalex.org/W3008201587","https://openalex.org/W3023529621","https://openalex.org/W3034942609","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3036446966","https://openalex.org/W3089392154","https://openalex.org/W3106934761","https://openalex.org/W3134215180","https://openalex.org/W3153387614","https://openalex.org/W3168097936","https://openalex.org/W3192654261","https://openalex.org/W4205270295","https://openalex.org/W4212847133","https://openalex.org/W4223587185","https://openalex.org/W4224318954","https://openalex.org/W4238979297","https://openalex.org/W4283214123","https://openalex.org/W4294068600","https://openalex.org/W4385080319","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6745537798","https://openalex.org/W6745899033","https://openalex.org/W6748641434","https://openalex.org/W6750318962","https://openalex.org/W6751420435","https://openalex.org/W6753153400","https://openalex.org/W6768841368","https://openalex.org/W6771917389","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6779518175","https://openalex.org/W6784472380","https://openalex.org/W6784694379","https://openalex.org/W6790815656","https://openalex.org/W6796597629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620652965","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W4296272594","https://openalex.org/W2900526031","https://openalex.org/W2728713145","https://openalex.org/W2470502009","https://openalex.org/W2131332603","https://openalex.org/W2072617132","https://openalex.org/W4360993664","https://openalex.org/W2465235098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malware":[0],"attacks,":[1],"especially":[2],"\u201cfew-shot\u201d":[3],"malware,":[4],"have":[5,20],"profoundly":[6],"harmed":[7],"the":[8,46,71,81,92,111,132,139,152],"cyber":[9],"ecosystem.":[10],"Recently,":[11],"malware":[12,42,56,75,82],"detection":[13,43,57,161,177],"models":[14],"based":[15,59],"on":[16,28,60,159],"graph":[17,61,89,154],"neural":[18],"networks":[19],"achieved":[21],"remarkable":[22],"success.":[23],"However,":[24],"these":[25],"efforts":[26],"over-rely":[27],"sufficient":[29],"labeled":[30],"data":[31],"for":[32],"model":[33],"training":[34,140],"and":[35,64,124,135,171,175],"thus":[36],"may":[37],"be":[38],"brittle":[39],"in":[40,156],"few-shot":[41,74],"because":[44],"of":[45,73,95,142,167],"label":[47],"scarcity.":[48],"To":[49,137],"this":[50],"end,":[51],"we":[52,145],"propose":[53],"a":[54,86,147],"self-supervised":[55,176],"framework":[58],"contrastive":[62,108,143],"learning":[63],"adversarial":[65,102],"augmentation,":[66],"termed":[67],"A2-CLM,":[68],"to":[69,104,130,150,169],"address":[70],"challenge":[72],"detection.":[76],"Particularly,":[77],"A2-CLM":[78,99,163],"first":[79],"depicts":[80],"execution":[83],"context":[84],"with":[85],"sensitivity":[87],"heterogeneous":[88],"by":[90],"assessing":[91],"security":[93],"semantic":[94],"each":[96],"behavior.":[97],"Afterwards,":[98],"designs":[100],"multiple":[101,153],"attacks":[103],"generate":[105],"more":[106],"practical":[107],"pairs,":[109],"including":[110],"PGD":[112],"attack,":[113,116,119,123,126],"attribute":[114],"masking":[115],"meta-graph-guide":[117],"sampling":[118],"direct":[120],"system":[121],"calls":[122],"obfuscation":[125],"which":[127],"is":[128],"beneficial":[129],"strengthening":[131],"model\u2019s":[133],"effectiveness":[134],"robustness.":[136],"alleviate":[138],"workload":[141],"learning,":[144],"introduce":[146],"momentum":[148],"strategy":[149],"train":[151],"encoders":[155],"A2-CLM.":[157],"Especially":[158],"1-shot":[160],"tasks,":[162],"achieves":[164],"performance":[165],"gains":[166],"up":[168],"24.63%":[170],"4.58%":[172],"against":[173],"supervised":[174],"methods,":[178],"respectively.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}