{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389428766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3340994","title":"A Multi-Modal Vertical Federated Learning Framework Based on Homomorphic Encryption","display_name":"A Multi-Modal Vertical Federated Learning Framework Based on Homomorphic Encryption","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389428766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3340994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3340994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3340994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091227928","display_name":"Maoguo Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-8556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maoguo Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-8556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029206731","display_name":"Yuanqiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-5579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanqiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-5579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011958968","display_name":"Yuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-9205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-9205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006614329","display_name":"A. K. Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-1651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. K. Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-1651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009576623","display_name":"Yue Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-5079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-5079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101427060","display_name":"Shanfeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-6722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanfeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101953740","display_name":"Yihong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0789-7087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1382,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97636491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1826","last_page":"1839"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.97079998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.862589955329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.8298233151435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6953346133232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.4417087435722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41940411925315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37862467765808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34730273485183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34664779901504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.27658557891845703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.862589955329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.8298233151435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6953346133232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.4417087435722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41940411925315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37862467765808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34730273485183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34664779901504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.27658557891845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3340994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3340994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1949608614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62036006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2159723965","display_name":"Data-driven Traffic Analytics for Incident Analysis and Management","funder_award_id":"LP180100114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3698760113","display_name":"Next-generation Intelligent Explorations of Geo-located Data ","funder_award_id":"DP200102611","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5148044681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M742744","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7223203615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYTS23168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W652269744","https://openalex.org/W1499407211","https://openalex.org/W1510952750","https://openalex.org/W2027471022","https://openalex.org/W2029996593","https://openalex.org/W2083847133","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2146334809","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2462831000","https://openalex.org/W2556418146","https://openalex.org/W2619383789","https://openalex.org/W2773194476","https://openalex.org/W2788647998","https://openalex.org/W2797226653","https://openalex.org/W2798298921","https://openalex.org/W2903890850","https://openalex.org/W2905551935","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2962931510","https://openalex.org/W2963540401","https://openalex.org/W2963710346","https://openalex.org/W2964051877","https://openalex.org/W2964216663","https://openalex.org/W2966765144","https://openalex.org/W2970231061","https://openalex.org/W2989959164","https://openalex.org/W2998470965","https://openalex.org/W3016632787","https://openalex.org/W3041966875","https://openalex.org/W3087647883","https://openalex.org/W3105232955","https://openalex.org/W3108655343","https://openalex.org/W3142852780","https://openalex.org/W3201264086","https://openalex.org/W4293205624","https://openalex.org/W6686207219","https://openalex.org/W6717974185","https://openalex.org/W6718683173","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6746388805","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6766904570","https://openalex.org/W6770792298","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6781119572","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W6792742759"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539930818","https://openalex.org/W4403623784","https://openalex.org/W4393118461","https://openalex.org/W4390664647","https://openalex.org/W3012147850","https://openalex.org/W4313300189","https://openalex.org/W2949835517","https://openalex.org/W2601739120","https://openalex.org/W2625655658","https://openalex.org/W2155069045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1,25,78,176],"has":[2],"gained":[3],"prominence":[4],"as":[5],"an":[6],"effective":[7],"solution":[8],"for":[9,64,141],"addressing":[10],"data":[11,34,83],"silos,":[12],"enabling":[13],"collaboration":[14],"among":[15],"multiple":[16,54],"parties":[17],"without":[18],"sharing":[19],"their":[20],"data.":[21],"However,":[22],"existing":[23],"federated":[24,77,175],"algorithms":[26,106],"often":[27],"neglect":[28],"the":[29,44,50,82,123,139,146,159],"challenge":[30],"posed":[31],"by":[32,109],"multi-modal":[33,75,90,173],"distribution.":[35],"Moreover,":[36],"previous":[37],"pioneering":[38],"work":[39],"face":[40],"limitations":[41],"in":[42,172],"encrypting":[43],"exponential":[45],"and":[46,57,113,134,155],"logarithmic":[47],"operations":[48],"of":[49,162],"objective":[51,124],"function":[52],"with":[53],"independent":[55],"variables,":[56],"they":[58],"rely":[59],"on":[60,152],"a":[61,73,88,131,142],"third-party":[62,143],"cooperator":[63,144],"encryption.":[65],"To":[66,80],"address":[67],"these":[68,127],"limitations,":[69],"this":[70],"paper":[71],"introduces":[72],"universal":[74],"vertical":[76,174],"framework.":[79],"tackle":[81],"distribution":[84],"challenge,":[85],"we":[86,115,129],"propose":[87],"two-step":[89],"transformer":[91],"model":[92],"that":[93,137],"captures":[94],"cross-domain":[95],"semantic":[96],"features":[97],"effectively.":[98],"For":[99],"encryption,":[100],"where":[101],"traditional":[102],"additively":[103],"homomorphic":[104],"encryption":[105,147],"fall":[107],"short":[108],"supporting":[110],"only":[111],"addition":[112],"multiplication,":[114],"employ":[116],"bivariate":[117],"Taylor":[118],"series":[119],"expansion":[120],"to":[121,166],"transform":[122],"function.":[125],"Integrating":[126],"components,":[128],"present":[130],"comprehensive":[132],"training":[133],"transmission":[135],"protocol":[136],"eliminates":[138],"need":[140],"during":[145],"process.":[148],"Extensive":[149],"experiments":[150],"conducted":[151],"diverse":[153],"video-text":[154],"image-text":[156],"datasets":[157],"validate":[158],"superior":[160],"performance":[161],"our":[163],"framework":[164],"compared":[165],"state-of-the-art":[167],"approaches,":[168],"affirming":[169],"its":[170],"effectiveness":[171],"settings.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
