{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388183794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3329438","title":"Systematically Quantifying Cryptanalytic Nonlinearities in Strong PUFs","display_name":"Systematically Quantifying Cryptanalytic Nonlinearities in Strong PUFs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388183794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3329438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3329438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3329438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060225959","display_name":"Durba Chatterjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-0876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Durba Chatterjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-0876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067022774","display_name":"Kuheli Pratihar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4486-4903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuheli Pratihar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4486-4903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022880201","display_name":"Aritra Hazra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2076-3577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aritra Hazra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2076-3577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008067534","display_name":"Ulrich R\u00fchrmair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-6738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich R\u00fchrmair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security in Telecommunications, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security in Telecommunications, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078971402","display_name":"Debdeep Mukhopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-8346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debdeep Mukhopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-8346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5713,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86292135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1126","last_page":"1141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6699590682983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-function","display_name":"Boolean function","score":0.6677384376525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6565445065498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbiter","display_name":"Arbiter","score":0.5466731786727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4924701154232025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.48077982664108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.47135108709335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-of-cryptographic-hash-functions","display_name":"Security of cryptographic hash functions","score":0.4551304876804352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.450689435005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4413449764251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.43518948554992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.1751323640346527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1469275951385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13989201188087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.1127292811870575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.09648463129997253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6699590682983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187455244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942353","display_name":"Boolean function","level":2,"score":0.6677384376525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6565445065498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779971761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629872","display_name":"Arbiter","level":2,"score":0.5466731786727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4924701154232025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.48077982664108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.47135108709335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165511393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7252276","display_name":"Security of cryptographic hash functions","level":5,"score":0.4551304876804352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.450689435005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4413449764251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.43518948554992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.1751323640346527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1469275951385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13989201188087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.1127292811870575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.09648463129997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3329438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3329438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1488021142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-1-0039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173253993","https://openalex.org/W1533568595","https://openalex.org/W1646805036","https://openalex.org/W1964723977","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2026292022","https://openalex.org/W2042194938","https://openalex.org/W2063443456","https://openalex.org/W2080284304","https://openalex.org/W2088455835","https://openalex.org/W2145858709","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2183831097","https://openalex.org/W2241429341","https://openalex.org/W2289245055","https://openalex.org/W2294709132","https://openalex.org/W2599981561","https://openalex.org/W2752832485","https://openalex.org/W2765674159","https://openalex.org/W2963331030","https://openalex.org/W2971247663","https://openalex.org/W2990135051","https://openalex.org/W3002189921","https://openalex.org/W3004468114","https://openalex.org/W3009034279","https://openalex.org/W3021294230","https://openalex.org/W3029087644","https://openalex.org/W3036397182","https://openalex.org/W3112568247","https://openalex.org/W3115470284","https://openalex.org/W3147945423","https://openalex.org/W3151293064","https://openalex.org/W3186471288","https://openalex.org/W3203268339","https://openalex.org/W3212347712","https://openalex.org/W3215760779","https://openalex.org/W4239728551","https://openalex.org/W4251343952","https://openalex.org/W4283692982","https://openalex.org/W4285303121","https://openalex.org/W4312916040","https://openalex.org/W6778088696","https://openalex.org/W6931288921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884038052","https://openalex.org/W2135481122","https://openalex.org/W4368248558","https://openalex.org/W2982348224","https://openalex.org/W89162579","https://openalex.org/W2370810173","https://openalex.org/W2169388465","https://openalex.org/W2096073159","https://openalex.org/W3038776048","https://openalex.org/W1934481693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physically":[0],"Unclonable":[1],"Functions":[2],"(PUFs)":[3],"with":[4,47,89,108],"large":[5,49],"challenge":[6,50],"space":[7,51],"(also":[8],"called":[9,77,115],"Strong":[10],"PUFs)":[11],"are":[12],"promoted":[13],"for":[14,29,162,207],"usage":[15,72],"in":[16,92,112],"authentications":[17],"and":[18,22,154,170,196],"various":[19,185],"other":[20],"cryptographic":[21,31,84],"security":[23],"applications.":[24],"In":[25,66],"order":[26],"to":[27,40,98,118,129,158,199,210,234],"qualify":[28],"these":[30,189],"applications,":[32],"the":[33,60,71,78,83,99,120,131,134,143,151,160,179,182,193,215,221,236],"Boolean":[34,87],"functions":[35,88],"realized":[36],"by":[37,56,140],"PUFs":[38,149,169],"need":[39],"possess":[41],"a":[42,48,74,109,127,230],"high":[43,90],"nonlinearity":[44],"(NL).":[45],"However,":[46],"(usually$\\geq":[52],"64$bits),":[53],"measuring":[54],"NL":[55,85,121,144,194],"classical":[57],"techniques":[58],"like":[59],"Walsh":[61],"transformation":[62],"is":[63,217],"computationally":[64],"infeasible.":[65],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"we":[69,136],"propose":[70],"of":[73,86,94,122,133,145,184,188,220,225,239],"heuristic-based":[75],"measure":[76,119],"non-homomorphicity":[79,152],"test":[80],"which":[81],"estimates":[82],"accuracy":[91],"spite":[93],"not":[95,218],"needing":[96],"access":[97],"entire":[100],"challenge-response":[101],"set.":[102],"We":[103],"also":[104],"combine":[105],"our":[106],"analysis":[107],"technique":[110],"used":[111,201],"linear":[113],"cryptanalysis,":[114],"Piling-up":[116],"lemma,":[117],"popular":[123],"PUF":[124,190,212,240],"compositions.":[125],"As":[126],"demonstration":[128],"justify":[130],"soundness":[132],"metric,":[135],"perform":[137],"extensive":[138],"experimentation":[139],"first":[141],"estimating":[142],"constituent":[146],"Arbiter/Bistable":[147],"Ring":[148,173],"using":[150],"test,":[153],"then":[155],"applying":[156],"them":[157],"quantify":[159],"same":[161],"their":[163],"XOR":[164,167,171],"compositions":[165,191],"namely":[166],"Arbiter":[168],"Bistable":[172],"PUF.":[174],"Our":[175],"findings":[176],"show":[177],"that":[178],"metric":[180],"explains":[181],"impact":[183],"parameter":[186],"choices":[187],"on":[192],"obtained":[195],"thus":[197],"promises":[198],"be":[200,229],"as":[202],"an":[203],"important":[204],"objective":[205],"criterion":[206],"future":[208],"efforts":[209],"evaluate":[211],"designs.":[213],"While":[214],"framework":[216],"representative":[219],"machine":[222],"learning":[223],"robustness":[224],"PUFs,":[226],"it":[227],"can":[228],"useful":[231],"complementary":[232],"tool":[233],"analyze":[235],"cryptanalytic":[237],"strengths":[238],"primitives.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}