{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387623697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3324394","title":"Overcoming Data Limitations: A Few-Shot Specific Emitter Identification Method Using Self-Supervised Learning and Adversarial Augmentation","display_name":"Overcoming Data Limitations: A Few-Shot Specific Emitter Identification Method Using Self-Supervised Learning and Adversarial Augmentation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387623697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3324394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3324394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3324394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447888","display_name":"Chao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0606-8288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0606-8288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036456471","display_name":"Xue Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-4081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-4081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017851308","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7763-4261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7763-4261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048082803","display_name":"Lantu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-8770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lantu Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115500957","display_name":"Yuchao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9368-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778980","display_name":"Yun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-1282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-1282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390094","display_name":"Haitao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-3532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-3532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027367677","display_name":"Guan Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-2881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-2881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.2293,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99617831,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"500","last_page":"513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8241713643074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7017058730125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6681251525878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5742133855819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","score":0.4935399293899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4269677996635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4150305986404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3980613648891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37175339460372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.09523335099220276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8241713643074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7017058730125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6681251525878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5742133855819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.4935399293899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4269677996635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4150305986404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3980613648891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37175339460372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.09523335099220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3324394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3324394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8919277133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1906707745","https://openalex.org/W1985671681","https://openalex.org/W2125088289","https://openalex.org/W2164162938","https://openalex.org/W2170895945","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2791256362","https://openalex.org/W2891054065","https://openalex.org/W2903139904","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2964159205","https://openalex.org/W2972762411","https://openalex.org/W2982145123","https://openalex.org/W2984025449","https://openalex.org/W3009816315","https://openalex.org/W3012340965","https://openalex.org/W3034942609","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3089248281","https://openalex.org/W3097743819","https://openalex.org/W3135725526","https://openalex.org/W3136322890","https://openalex.org/W3136615525","https://openalex.org/W3170485195","https://openalex.org/W3180562345","https://openalex.org/W3181667991","https://openalex.org/W3188554269","https://openalex.org/W3192880923","https://openalex.org/W3196757423","https://openalex.org/W3205971195","https://openalex.org/W4205390258","https://openalex.org/W4205528167","https://openalex.org/W4206696842","https://openalex.org/W4280643872","https://openalex.org/W4283810973","https://openalex.org/W4285171423","https://openalex.org/W4285222140","https://openalex.org/W4285247578","https://openalex.org/W4289535849","https://openalex.org/W4289821916","https://openalex.org/W4296930420","https://openalex.org/W4308280428","https://openalex.org/W4311080746","https://openalex.org/W4312502098","https://openalex.org/W4312602904","https://openalex.org/W4317418671","https://openalex.org/W4319069155","https://openalex.org/W4320002904","https://openalex.org/W4321488246","https://openalex.org/W4365420380","https://openalex.org/W6681768502","https://openalex.org/W6683549911","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6748816842","https://openalex.org/W6773005947","https://openalex.org/W6783596713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W4285328440","https://openalex.org/W4390062853","https://openalex.org/W4389256085","https://openalex.org/W4399290976","https://openalex.org/W4313644201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Specific":[0],"emitter":[1,164],"identification":[2,220,244,254],"(SEI)":[3],"based":[4,99],"on":[5,65,74,100],"radio":[6],"frequency":[7],"fingerprinting":[8],"(RFF)":[9],"is":[10,125,146],"a":[11,75,94,118,129,153,192],"physical":[12],"layer":[13],"authentication":[14],"method":[15,98,210],"in":[16,28,38,165,222,246],"the":[17,29,35,39,59,110,139,150,199,208,223,259],"field":[18],"of":[19,61,112,141,261],"wireless":[20,40],"network":[21],"security.":[22],"RFFs":[23],"are":[24,81,178,195,228,266],"unique":[25],"features":[26,216],"embedded":[27],"electromagnetic":[30],"waves,":[31],"which":[32,247],"come":[33,179],"from":[34,180,258],"hard":[36],"imperfections":[37],"devices.":[41],"Deep":[42],"learning":[43,102,124],"has":[44],"been":[45],"applied":[46],"to":[47,52,88,108,127,137,148,197],"many":[48],"SEI":[49,96],"tasks":[50],"due":[51],"its":[53],"powerful":[54],"feature":[55],"extraction":[56],"capabilities.":[57],"However,":[58],"success":[60],"most":[62],"methods":[63,72],"hinges":[64],"massive":[66],"and":[67,70,83,103,152,168,175,191,217],"labeled":[68],"samples,":[69],"few":[71,79,159],"focus":[73],"realistic":[76],"scenario,":[77],"where":[78],"samples":[80,160,162,231],"available":[82,267],"labeled.":[84],"In":[85,171],"this":[86,166],"paper,":[87],"overcome":[89,109,138],"data":[90],"limitations,":[91],"we":[92],"propose":[93],"few-shot":[95],"(FS-SEI)":[97],"self-supervised":[101,123],"adversarial":[104,120],"augmentation":[105,121],"(SA2SEI).":[106],"Specifically,":[107,225],"limitation":[111,140],"label":[113],"dependence":[114],"for":[115],"auxiliary":[116,134,173],"dataset,":[117],"novelty":[119],"(Adv-Aug)-powered":[122],"designed":[126],"pre-train":[128],"RFF":[130,215],"extractor":[131,151],"using":[132],"unlabeled":[133],"dataset.":[135],"Subsequently,":[136],"sample":[142],"dependence,":[143],"knowledge":[144],"transfer":[145],"introduced":[147],"fine-tune":[149],"classifier":[154],"with":[155],"target":[156,176],"dataset":[157,174,177,190,194],"including":[158],"(5-30":[161],"per":[163,232],"paper)":[167],"corresponding":[169],"labels.":[170],"addition,":[172],"different":[181],"emitters.":[182],"An":[183],"open-source":[184],"large-scale":[185],"real-world":[186],"automatic-dependent":[187],"surveillance-broadcast":[188],"(ADS-B)":[189],"Wi-Fi":[193,233],"used":[196],"evaluate":[198],"proposed":[200,209],"SA2SEI":[201],"method.":[202],"The":[203,264],"simulation":[204],"results":[205],"show":[206],"that":[207],"can":[211,236],"extract":[212],"more":[213],"discriminative":[214],"obtain":[218],"higher":[219],"performance":[221],"FS-SEI.":[224],"when":[226],"there":[227],"only":[229],"5":[230],"device,":[234],"it":[235],"achieve":[237],"<inline-formula":[238,248],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[239,249,270],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[240,250],"<tex-math":[241,251],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$83.40\\%$":[242],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[243,253],"accuracy,":[245],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$38.63\\%$":[252],"accuracy":[255],"improvement":[256],"comes":[257],"Adv-Aug":[260],"pre-training":[262],"process.":[263],"codes":[265],"at":[268],"<uri":[269],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com/LIUC-000/SA2SEI</uri>":[271],".":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}