{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382407307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3290750","title":"Exploiting Fine-Grained Channel/Hardware Features for PHY-Layer Authentication in MmWave MIMO Systems","display_name":"Exploiting Fine-Grained Channel/Hardware Features for PHY-Layer Authentication in MmWave MIMO Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382407307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3290750"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3290750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3290750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040305520","display_name":"Yangyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8407-3543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8407-3543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041554124","display_name":"Pinchang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-7238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pinchang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-7238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084663211","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-9704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-9704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043356063","display_name":"Yulong Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-705X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-705X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014884811","display_name":"Xiaohong Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9739-1930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84400586","display_name":"Future University Hakodate","ror":"https://ror.org/05szw2z23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84400586"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan","School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, 116-2 Kamedanakano-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9739-1930","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84400586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, 116-2 Kamedanakano-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84400586"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84411237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"4059","last_page":"4074"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8045001029968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7375875115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.590189516544342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.565490186214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phy","display_name":"PHY","score":0.5400697588920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.520818829536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5129532217979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4886610805988312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.45549970865249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40014857053756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35877925157546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3414847254753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33006221055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22707825899124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1761183738708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.136982262134552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8045001029968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7375875115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.590189516544342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.565490186214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41918916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"PHY","level":4,"score":0.5400697588920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.520818829536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5129532217979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4886610805988312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.45549970865249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40014857053756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35877925157546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3414847254753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33006221055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22707825899124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1761183738708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.136982262134552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3290750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3290750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1014776577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3105203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1355528185","display_name":"\u65e0\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\u8bbe\u5907\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u57fa\u56e0\u8eab\u4efd\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3509129293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ISN24-18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330485","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3983058117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022KXJ-093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4121474025","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23H03386","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4328264082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92267204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4958099828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272266","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5767509517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62220106004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033924410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62132009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7747012976","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272241","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8108808713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZDLGY07-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330485","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577937526","https://openalex.org/W1921359321","https://openalex.org/W1949167649","https://openalex.org/W2006682223","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2061534192","https://openalex.org/W2068574308","https://openalex.org/W2089121898","https://openalex.org/W2104130465","https://openalex.org/W2108139215","https://openalex.org/W2109368269","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2115735006","https://openalex.org/W2116193517","https://openalex.org/W2120686080","https://openalex.org/W2129948980","https://openalex.org/W2144576157","https://openalex.org/W2146798065","https://openalex.org/W2150080833","https://openalex.org/W2154170045","https://openalex.org/W2159360682","https://openalex.org/W2314565273","https://openalex.org/W2431890594","https://openalex.org/W2528124428","https://openalex.org/W2559094099","https://openalex.org/W2561624330","https://openalex.org/W2572679742","https://openalex.org/W2604698298","https://openalex.org/W2744532080","https://openalex.org/W2771579582","https://openalex.org/W2776818420","https://openalex.org/W2797907857","https://openalex.org/W2807723872","https://openalex.org/W2897059627","https://openalex.org/W2903505234","https://openalex.org/W2917156996","https://openalex.org/W2937680152","https://openalex.org/W2957915633","https://openalex.org/W2980594903","https://openalex.org/W2998948997","https://openalex.org/W3014187232","https://openalex.org/W3047322466","https://openalex.org/W3085607537","https://openalex.org/W3088572907","https://openalex.org/W3089122921","https://openalex.org/W3093575597","https://openalex.org/W3103569767","https://openalex.org/W3108962068","https://openalex.org/W3110641849","https://openalex.org/W3123476713","https://openalex.org/W3128947043","https://openalex.org/W3155558707","https://openalex.org/W4205495325","https://openalex.org/W6781317045","https://openalex.org/W6790063720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2310124881","https://openalex.org/W1938294679","https://openalex.org/W2949605195","https://openalex.org/W4302779852","https://openalex.org/W3082464360","https://openalex.org/W3129583060","https://openalex.org/W4281553092","https://openalex.org/W2961067483","https://openalex.org/W4255536046","https://openalex.org/W2488123191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"communication":[1,57],"channels":[2],"in":[3],"millimeter":[4],"wave":[5],"(mmWave)":[6],"multiple-input":[7],"multiple-output":[8],"(MIMO)":[9],"systems":[10],"possess":[11],"some":[12],"unique":[13],"fine-grained":[14],"angle":[15,23,29],"domain":[16],"features":[17,45],"such":[18],"as":[19,40,42],"channel":[20,38,88],"gain,":[21],"azimuth":[22],"of":[24,30,82,95,140],"arrival":[25,31],"(AAoA),":[26],"and":[27,68,86,106,118,135],"elevation":[28],"(EAoA).":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"combines":[35],"AAoA,":[36],"EAoA,":[37],"gain":[39],"well":[41],"phase":[43,84],"noise":[44,85],"to":[46,110,130,136],"propose":[47],"a":[48],"novel":[49],"physical":[50],"layer":[51],"authentication":[52,93,143],"scheme":[53,144],"for":[54,79,115],"mmWave":[55,87],"MIMO":[56],"systems.":[58],"Based":[59],"on":[60],"the":[61,80,92,96,102,112,122,138,141],"limit":[62],"posterior":[63],"Bayesian":[64],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[65],"bound":[66],"(LPBCRB)":[67],"maximum-likelihood":[69],"(ML)":[70],"estimation":[71],"theories,":[72],"we":[73,99],"first":[74],"develop":[75],"an":[76],"efficient":[77],"approach":[78],"evaluation":[81],"hardware":[83],"features.":[89],"To":[90],"depict":[91],"performance":[94],"new":[97],"scheme,":[98],"then":[100],"apply":[101],"statistical":[103],"signal":[104],"processing":[105],"hypothesis":[107],"testing":[108],"theories":[109],"derive":[111],"closed-form":[113],"expressions":[114],"false":[116],"alarm":[117],"detection":[119],"probabilities":[120],"under":[121],"scheme.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"extensive":[125],"numerical":[126],"results":[127],"are":[128],"provided":[129],"validate":[131],"our":[132],"theoretical":[133],"models":[134],"demonstrate":[137],"capability":[139],"proposed":[142],"against":[145],"impersonation":[146],"attacks.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}