{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4365421145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3266705","title":"Adversarial Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Against Physical Layer Key Generation","display_name":"Adversarial Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Against Physical Layer Key Generation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4365421145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3266705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3266705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3266705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/19564","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084240618","display_name":"Zhuangkun Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-7859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuangkun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-7859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365151","display_name":"Bin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1998-819X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1998-819X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062362866","display_name":"Weisi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-3953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, U.K","Alan Turing Institute, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-3953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6814,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93674378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"2368","last_page":"2381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7702226638793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7503505945205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6508569717407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.6224028468132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.579871416091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5304775834083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.43462368845939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.43028366565704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.42212772369384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.4220377206802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3563488721847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3002532720565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.24387028813362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2298755943775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22629553079605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.1947833001613617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11770644783973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08307427167892456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7702226638793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7503505945205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6508569717407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.6224028468132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.579871416091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5304775834083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.43462368845939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.43028366565704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.42212772369384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.4220377206802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3563488721847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3002532720565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.24387028813362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2298755943775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22629553079605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.1947833001613617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11770644783973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08307427167892456}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3266705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3266705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/19564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/19564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:3479193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/3479193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/19564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/19564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G979560605","display_name":"UKRI Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Node in Security","funder_award_id":"EP/V026763/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1916886752","https://openalex.org/W1958735522","https://openalex.org/W1970334960","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2015418199","https://openalex.org/W2035769579","https://openalex.org/W2054496355","https://openalex.org/W2056099894","https://openalex.org/W2064423787","https://openalex.org/W2091729149","https://openalex.org/W2091893102","https://openalex.org/W2105599356","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2129131372","https://openalex.org/W2131110609","https://openalex.org/W2161081468","https://openalex.org/W2294142022","https://openalex.org/W2295120647","https://openalex.org/W2529677322","https://openalex.org/W2537105659","https://openalex.org/W2561592627","https://openalex.org/W2603622529","https://openalex.org/W2619678842","https://openalex.org/W2762622133","https://openalex.org/W2783348440","https://openalex.org/W2789028464","https://openalex.org/W2887346460","https://openalex.org/W2890006332","https://openalex.org/W2911545749","https://openalex.org/W2942626342","https://openalex.org/W2968288503","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2980902966","https://openalex.org/W2981828647","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2996313530","https://openalex.org/W3007256892","https://openalex.org/W3012319098","https://openalex.org/W3015419519","https://openalex.org/W3042148848","https://openalex.org/W3044658684","https://openalex.org/W3049088677","https://openalex.org/W3084194173","https://openalex.org/W3087782700","https://openalex.org/W3103119600","https://openalex.org/W3114262415","https://openalex.org/W3117633996","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3131368335","https://openalex.org/W3132465714","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W3166393976","https://openalex.org/W3168309215","https://openalex.org/W3173937035","https://openalex.org/W3188997848","https://openalex.org/W3193591298","https://openalex.org/W3194394973","https://openalex.org/W3209252509","https://openalex.org/W4206658479","https://openalex.org/W4210253477","https://openalex.org/W4226330150","https://openalex.org/W4236826464","https://openalex.org/W4280572431","https://openalex.org/W4312470089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386561858","https://openalex.org/W3026705917","https://openalex.org/W2516026999","https://openalex.org/W2155410265","https://openalex.org/W4390045088","https://openalex.org/W2769689807","https://openalex.org/W3121990887","https://openalex.org/W3166880716","https://openalex.org/W2959329152","https://openalex.org/W2904430835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,128],"development":[1],"of":[2,12,19,52,143,190],"reconfigurable":[3],"intelligent":[4],"surfaces":[5],"(RIS)":[6],"has":[7],"recently":[8],"advanced":[9],"the":[10,84,95,99,117,122,148,156,191,197],"research":[11,53,211],"physical":[13,41],"layer":[14,42],"security":[15],"(PLS).":[16],"Beneficial":[17],"impacts":[18],"RIS":[20,57,79,150,216],"include":[21],"but":[22],"are":[23],"not":[24],"limited":[25],"to":[26,61,188,213],"offering":[27],"a":[28,50,87,140,169,177,201],"new":[29,202,210],"degree-of-freedom":[30],"(DoF)":[31],"for":[32,40],"key-less":[33],"PLS":[34],"optimization,":[35],"and":[36,63,89,120,163,185],"increasing":[37],"channel":[38,86,129],"randomness":[39],"secret":[43,66,96],"key":[44,179],"generation":[45],"(PL-SKG).":[46],"However,":[47],"there":[48],"is":[49,133,152,186],"lack":[51],"studying":[54],"how":[55],"adversarial":[56,78,215],"can":[58,92,175,208],"be":[59],"used":[60],"attack":[62],"obtain":[64],"legitimate":[65,85,100,183],"keys":[67,97],"generated":[68],"by":[69,81,135,154],"PL-SKG.":[70,127],"In":[71],"this":[72,105],"work,":[73],"we":[74,107],"show":[75,165],"an":[76],"Eve-controlled":[77],"(Eve-RIS),":[80],"inserting":[82],"into":[83],"random":[88],"reciprocal":[90],"channel,":[91],"partially":[93],"reconstruct":[94],"from":[98],"PL-SKG":[101,113],"process.":[102],"To":[103],"operationalize":[104],"concept,":[106],"design":[108],"Eve-RIS":[109,132,157,174,199],"schemes":[110],"against":[111],"two":[112],"techniques":[114],"used:":[115],"(i)":[116],"CSI-based":[118],"PL-SKG,":[119,206],"(ii)":[121],"two-way":[123],"cross":[124],"multiplication":[125],"based":[126],"probing":[130],"at":[131],"realized":[134],"compressed":[136],"sensing":[137],"designs":[138],"with":[139,168,182],"small":[141],"number":[142],"radio-frequency":[144],"(RF)":[145],"chains.":[146],"Then,":[147],"optimal":[149],"phase":[151],"obtained":[153],"maximizing":[155],"inserted":[158],"deceiving":[159],"channel.":[160],"Our":[161],"analysis":[162],"results":[164],"that":[166],"even":[167],"passive":[170],"RIS,":[171],"our":[172],"proposed":[173],"achieve":[176],"high":[178],"match":[180],"rate":[181],"users,":[184],"resistant":[187],"most":[189],"current":[192],"defensive":[193],"approaches.":[194],"This":[195],"means":[196],"novel":[198],"provides":[200],"eavesdropping":[203],"threat":[204],"on":[205],"which":[207],"spur":[209],"areas":[212],"counter":[214],"attacks.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
