{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313893032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3235579","title":"Forensic Symmetry for DeepFakes","display_name":"Forensic Symmetry for DeepFakes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313893032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3235579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3235579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3235579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013124588","display_name":"Gen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-9201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-9201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750788","display_name":"Xianfeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5617-8399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianfeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5617-8399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032059481","display_name":"Yun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3433-0764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3433-0764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3181,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96921814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"1095","last_page":"1110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7433387041091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7221555709838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6839686632156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6624158620834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetry","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","score":0.6107500791549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5840455293655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5451308488845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5224843621253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.48900091648101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.44401779770851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.403623104095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2231731414794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21296432614326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0931006371974945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7433387041091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7221555709838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6839686632156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6624158620834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6107500791549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5840455293655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5451308488845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5224843621253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.48900091648101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.44401779770851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.403623104095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2231731414794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21296432614326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0931006371974945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2023.3235579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3235579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7946490163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AAA0140000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2301937176","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2891145043","https://openalex.org/W2904573504","https://openalex.org/W2911424785","https://openalex.org/W2913399670","https://openalex.org/W2914447220","https://openalex.org/W2942074357","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962958939","https://openalex.org/W2963684180","https://openalex.org/W2963720850","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W2995516027","https://openalex.org/W2997517962","https://openalex.org/W3022863848","https://openalex.org/W3034196597","https://openalex.org/W3034214108","https://openalex.org/W3034530968","https://openalex.org/W3034713808","https://openalex.org/W3034864980","https://openalex.org/W3035063907","https://openalex.org/W3036576316","https://openalex.org/W3036644531","https://openalex.org/W3036806226","https://openalex.org/W3038930935","https://openalex.org/W3048932886","https://openalex.org/W3083246145","https://openalex.org/W3094728142","https://openalex.org/W3102988878","https://openalex.org/W3108854358","https://openalex.org/W3133531029","https://openalex.org/W3173275731","https://openalex.org/W3174508664","https://openalex.org/W3175342695","https://openalex.org/W3176241004","https://openalex.org/W3188897163","https://openalex.org/W3193283031","https://openalex.org/W4206623269","https://openalex.org/W4283817039","https://openalex.org/W4288090950","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6756046522","https://openalex.org/W6757599822","https://openalex.org/W6762480454","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6764542186","https://openalex.org/W6769705151","https://openalex.org/W6775642233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375480909","https://openalex.org/W2353314428","https://openalex.org/W2012019886","https://openalex.org/W2166090428","https://openalex.org/W2381021552","https://openalex.org/W2354749003","https://openalex.org/W2377121353","https://openalex.org/W2350529538","https://openalex.org/W2076713575","https://openalex.org/W2014996787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,30],"propose":[4,31],"a":[5,32],"new":[6],"DeepFakes":[7,124,154],"forensics":[8],"approach":[9,150],"called":[10,72],"forensic":[11,142],"symmetry,":[12],"which":[13],"determines":[14],"whether":[15],"two":[16,38],"symmetrical":[17,82],"face":[18,51,63,83,110],"patches":[19,84],"contain":[20],"the":[21,49,61,79,86,91,99,104,106,120,137,157],"same":[22],"or":[23],"different":[24],"natural":[25,73,95,102],"features.":[26,96],"To":[27],"do":[28],"this,":[29],"multi-stream":[33],"learning":[34],"structure":[35],"composed":[36],"of":[37,81,93,101,109,123,130,139,159],"feature":[39,43,47,55,59,66,69],"extractors.":[40],"The":[41,53,97,112],"first":[42],"extractor":[44,56],"obtains":[45,57],"symmetry":[46,76,143],"from":[48,60],"front":[50],"images.":[52,64,111],"second":[54],"similarity":[58,68],"side":[62],"Symmetry":[65],"and":[67,164],"are":[70,132],"collectively":[71],"feature.":[74],"Forensic":[75],"system":[77],"maps":[78],"pair":[80],"into":[85],"angular":[87],"hyperspace":[88],"to":[89,118,135],"quantify":[90],"difference":[92,100],"their":[94],"greater":[98],"features,":[103],"higher":[105],"tamper":[107,121],"probability":[108,122],"heuristic":[113],"prediction":[114],"algorithm":[115],"is":[116,151],"designed":[117],"compute":[119],"at":[125],"video":[126],"level.":[127],"A":[128],"series":[129],"experiments":[131],"carried":[133],"out":[134],"evaluate":[136],"effectiveness":[138],"our":[140,149],"proposed":[141],"system.":[144],"Experimental":[145],"results":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148],"effective":[152],"for":[153],"detection":[155],"under":[156],"scenarios":[158],"homologous":[160],"detection,":[161,163],"heterogeneous":[162],"re-":[165],"compression":[166],"detection.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
