{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293732046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2022.3202696","title":"SDoS: Selfish Mining-Based Denial-of-Service Attack","display_name":"SDoS: Selfish Mining-Based Denial-of-Service Attack","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293732046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2022.3202696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2022.3202696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2022.3202696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045262050","display_name":"Qiuhua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-9026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiuhua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103062371","display_name":"Tianyu Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-6005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126968","display_name":"National Center for Science and Technology Evaluation","ror":"https://ror.org/02pzr0022","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120069","https://openalex.org/I4210126968","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","National Secrecy Science and Technology Evaluation Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Secrecy Science and Technology Evaluation Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077728036","display_name":"Dong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9246-204X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614965","display_name":"Yizhi Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1421-9164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhi Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014122220","display_name":"Gongxun Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9123-4481"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gongxun Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongfu Information Company Ltd., Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongfu Information Company Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001746807","display_name":"Kim\u2010Kwang Raymond Choo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-5336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045262050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6782,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96872047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"3335","last_page":"3349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.8595737218856812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.7669119834899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7114760875701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6901933550834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.6303849816322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5585468411445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.5245495438575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4494556486606598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1265556812286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10723835229873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.08558052778244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.07088291645050049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.8595737218856812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.7669119834899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7114760875701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6901933550834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.6303849816322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5585468411445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5245495438575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4494556486606598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1265556812286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10723835229873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08558052778244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.07088291645050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2022.3202696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2022.3202696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523833175","https://openalex.org/W1581121707","https://openalex.org/W2129763443","https://openalex.org/W2216673366","https://openalex.org/W2295506186","https://openalex.org/W2465219533","https://openalex.org/W2508339054","https://openalex.org/W2553353335","https://openalex.org/W2604271965","https://openalex.org/W2797816609","https://openalex.org/W2886706106","https://openalex.org/W2887844426","https://openalex.org/W2900865145","https://openalex.org/W2905867785","https://openalex.org/W2913858240","https://openalex.org/W2920504514","https://openalex.org/W2920549832","https://openalex.org/W2963822137","https://openalex.org/W2986858900","https://openalex.org/W3095660977","https://openalex.org/W3122002729","https://openalex.org/W3184914355","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4289799450","https://openalex.org/W6634793266","https://openalex.org/W6729634068","https://openalex.org/W6763986627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W335511927","https://openalex.org/W2471811227","https://openalex.org/W2217591390","https://openalex.org/W4390188535","https://openalex.org/W2157496457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,115],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,20,57,117],"focus":[4],"on":[5,126],"mining":[6,22,29,61,79,98],"attacks":[7],"targeting":[8],"the":[9,32,42,51,54,83,86,96,102,127,134,141],"Proof":[10],"of":[11,36,47,67,95],"Work":[12],"(PoW)":[13],"consensus":[14],"mechanism":[15],"in":[16],"blockchain-based":[17],"systems.":[18],"Specifically,":[19],"model":[21],"as":[23],"a":[24,28,107],"game":[25],"and":[26,53,70,104,132],"propose":[27],"attack":[30,52,109],"&#x2013;":[31],"Selfish":[33],"mining-based":[34],"denial":[35,66],"service":[37,68],"(SDoS)":[38],"attack.":[39],"By":[40],"studying":[41],"choices":[43],"(mining":[44],"or":[45,129],"stopping)":[46],"honest":[48,120],"miners":[49,121],"under":[50,82],"adversary&#x2019;s":[55],"revenue,":[56,103],"demonstrate":[58],"that":[59,71,119],"selfish":[60],"is":[62,137],"incentive-compatible":[63],"with":[64,110],"game-level":[65],"attack,":[69],"SDoS":[72],"can":[73,105],"be":[74],"more":[75,92,138],"threatening":[76],"than":[77,93,113],"existing":[78],"attacks.":[80],"Even":[81],"worst":[84],"assumption,":[85],"adversary":[87],"only":[88],"needs":[89],"to":[90,100,140],"master":[91],"19.6%":[94],"total":[97],"power":[99],"increase":[101],"launch":[106],"51%":[108],"much":[111],"less":[112],"50%.":[114],"addition,":[116],"show":[118],"may":[122],"make":[123],"decisions":[124],"based":[125],"overall":[128],"current":[130,135],"utility,":[131],"choosing":[133],"utility":[136],"beneficial":[139],"adversary.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
