{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285119820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2022.3172634","title":"Statistical Effective Fault Attacks: The Other Side of the Coin","display_name":"Statistical Effective Fault Attacks: The Other Side of the Coin","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285119820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2022.3172634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2022.3172634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2022.3172634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010237919","display_name":"Navid Vafaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5336-1219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83123760","display_name":"Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkz4493","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navid Vafaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, CPS<sup>2</sup> Laboratory, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran","Electrical Engineering Department, CPS2 Laboratory, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5336-1219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, CPS<sup>2</sup> Laboratory, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, CPS2 Laboratory, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079904965","display_name":"Sara Zarei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-0145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Zarei","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-0145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069794920","display_name":"Nasour Bagheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-5342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146419","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83123760","display_name":"Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkz4493","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasour Bagheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, CPS<sup>2</sup> Laboratory, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran","Electrical Engineering Department, CPS2 Laboratory, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran","School of Computer Science (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Farmanieh Campus, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-5342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, CPS<sup>2</sup> Laboratory, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, CPS2 Laboratory, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Farmanieh Campus, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012269418","display_name":"Maria Eichlseder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8750-7423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Eichlseder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Information Processing and Communications, Faculty of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8750-7423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Information Processing and Communications, Faculty of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076967039","display_name":"Robert Primas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9569-8477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Primas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Information Processing and Communications, Faculty of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Information Processing and Communications, Faculty of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052055047","display_name":"Hadi Soleimany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3961-4988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Soleimany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3961-4988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2486,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82855444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1855","last_page":"1867"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.827529788017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7740389108657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.7310144901275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6064003705978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3532831072807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.20627537369728088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17961889505386353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.827529788017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7740389108657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.7310144901275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6064003705978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3532831072807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.20627537369728088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17961889505386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2022.3172634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2022.3172634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5452871982","display_name":"Securing Software against Physical Attacks","funder_award_id":"681402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29626722","https://openalex.org/W1483831648","https://openalex.org/W1484814447","https://openalex.org/W1489035426","https://openalex.org/W1493755219","https://openalex.org/W1500693694","https://openalex.org/W1570998442","https://openalex.org/W1829732909","https://openalex.org/W2071722828","https://openalex.org/W2091612798","https://openalex.org/W2111725598","https://openalex.org/W2112571059","https://openalex.org/W2132533351","https://openalex.org/W2144952508","https://openalex.org/W2170489924","https://openalex.org/W2219812381","https://openalex.org/W2534456676","https://openalex.org/W2555422269","https://openalex.org/W2574539584","https://openalex.org/W2805111206","https://openalex.org/W2924344255","https://openalex.org/W2983229499","https://openalex.org/W3011642719","https://openalex.org/W3092373052","https://openalex.org/W3117281882","https://openalex.org/W3127295382","https://openalex.org/W3172211066","https://openalex.org/W3192827123","https://openalex.org/W3211147153","https://openalex.org/W4242597152","https://openalex.org/W4243016930","https://openalex.org/W4251236654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1001352512","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W1973775000","https://openalex.org/W2748922771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112,138],"introduction":[1],"of":[2,21,32,60,127,155,159,203,210,230],"Statistical":[3,117,146],"Ineffective":[4],"Fault":[5,119,148],"Attacks":[6,149],"(SIFA)":[7],"has":[8],"led":[9],"to":[10,52,88,152,248],"a":[11,211,220],"renewed":[12],"interest":[13],"in":[14,29,82,106,130,169,186,207],"fault":[15,34,98,214,223],"attacks.":[16],"SIFA":[17,61,185],"requires":[18],"minimal":[19],"knowledge":[20],"the":[22,30,54,58,73,79,83,116,124,133,141,156,201,208,217,228,236],"concrete":[23],"implementation":[24],"and":[25,45,76,162,175,189,244,250],"is":[26,115,151,195],"effective":[27,161],"even":[28],"presence":[31],"common":[33],"or":[35,194],"power":[36],"analysis":[37],"countermeasures.":[38],"However,":[39],"further":[40],"investigations":[41],"reveal":[42],"that":[43,62,101,182,190],"undesired":[44],"frequent":[46],"ineffective":[47,163],"events,":[48],"which":[49,122],"we":[50],"refer":[51],"as":[53,198,200],"noise":[55,70],"phenomenon,":[56],"are":[57,102,136],"bottleneck":[59],"can":[63,241],"considerably":[64],"diminish":[65],"its":[66],"strength.":[67],"This":[68,85],"includes":[69],"associated":[71],"with":[72,108,219],"attack\u2019s":[74],"setup":[75],"caused":[77],"by":[78,233],"countermeasures":[80],"utilized":[81],"implementation.":[84],"research":[86],"aims":[87],"address":[89],"this":[90],"significant":[91],"drawback.":[92],"We":[93],"present":[94],"two":[95],"novel":[96],"statistical":[97],"attack":[99],"variants":[100],"far":[103],"more":[104],"successful":[105],"dealing":[107],"these":[109],"noisy":[110,176],"conditions.":[111],"first":[113],"variant":[114],"Effective":[118],"Attack":[120],"(SEFA),":[121],"exploits":[123],"non-uniform":[125],"distribution":[126],"intermediate":[128],"variables":[129],"circumstances":[131],"when":[132],"induced":[134],"faults":[135],"effective.":[137],"idea":[139],"behind":[140],"second":[142],"proposed":[143],"method,":[144],"dubbed":[145],"Hybrid":[147],"(SHFA),":[150],"take":[153],"advantage":[154],"biased":[157],"distributions":[158],"both":[160,193],"cases":[164],"simultaneously.":[165],"Our":[166],"experimental":[167],"results":[168],"various":[170],"case":[171,209,238],"studies,":[172],"including":[173],"noise-free":[174],"setups,":[177],"back":[178],"up":[179],"our":[180],"reasoning":[181],"SEFA":[183,226,249],"surpasses":[184],"several":[187],"instances":[188],"SHFA":[191,240],"outperforms":[192],"at":[196],"least":[197],"efficient":[199],"best":[202],"them.":[204],"For":[205],"example,":[206],"4-bits":[212],"random-AND":[213],"injected":[215],"into":[216],"AES":[218],"35%":[221],"missed":[222],"rate,":[224],"utilizing":[225],"reduces":[227],"number":[229],"needed":[231],"ciphertexts":[232],"50%.":[234],"In":[235],"same":[237],"study,":[239],"yield":[242],"10%":[243],"55%":[245],"reductions":[246],"compared":[247],"SIFA.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}