{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197645786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2021.3108494","title":"PriScore: Blockchain-Based Self-Tallying Election System Supporting Score Voting","display_name":"PriScore: Blockchain-Based Self-Tallying Election System Supporting Score Voting","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197645786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2021.3108494","mag":"3197645786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2021.3108494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2021.3108494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/6817","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397670","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7891-2670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079356148","display_name":"Zhangshuang Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8364-4578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangshuang Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043935709","display_name":"Zhiguo Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1319-1224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguo Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082041657","display_name":"Jian Weng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072606049","display_name":"HweeHwa Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-5712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hwee Hwa Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001712801","display_name":"Robert H. Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3491-8146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100397670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267","https://openalex.org/I80947539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96047193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"4705","last_page":"4720"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.84483402967453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7917356491088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.6838380098342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.549556314945221}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.84483402967453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7917356491088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.6838380098342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.549556314945221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2021.3108494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2021.3108494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-7820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/6817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196871","display_name":"Institutional Knowledge (InK) - Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-7820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/6817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196871","display_name":"Institutional Knowledge (InK) - Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1427926582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1736203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700371085","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G486975143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1005600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5137579441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF2018NCR-NSOE004-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5797141846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61732021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6220089879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61825203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7819716931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020ZD01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G820164604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321048","display_name":"AXA Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/02zxqxw53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550614890","https://openalex.org/W1585977625","https://openalex.org/W1589034595","https://openalex.org/W1598893862","https://openalex.org/W1602231049","https://openalex.org/W1773518014","https://openalex.org/W1976900880","https://openalex.org/W1993242942","https://openalex.org/W2078590992","https://openalex.org/W2095708839","https://openalex.org/W2102632861","https://openalex.org/W2112138431","https://openalex.org/W2126664878","https://openalex.org/W2245364116","https://openalex.org/W2471380174","https://openalex.org/W2561948748","https://openalex.org/W2592077777","https://openalex.org/W2616239328","https://openalex.org/W2619795922","https://openalex.org/W2790927340","https://openalex.org/W2886047833","https://openalex.org/W2898982524","https://openalex.org/W2903878526","https://openalex.org/W2962765614","https://openalex.org/W2972123386","https://openalex.org/W2986698110","https://openalex.org/W3001057904","https://openalex.org/W3002067100","https://openalex.org/W3011045328","https://openalex.org/W3011115093","https://openalex.org/W3018034732","https://openalex.org/W3049088603","https://openalex.org/W3100681046","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6635298198","https://openalex.org/W6635877334","https://openalex.org/W6690855688","https://openalex.org/W6719960836","https://openalex.org/W6730445334","https://openalex.org/W6738168699","https://openalex.org/W6756969576","https://openalex.org/W6773192264","https://openalex.org/W6777794193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Election":[0],"and":[1,118,142,174,195,216,232],"voting":[2,41,132,252],"play":[3],"crucial":[4,161],"roles":[5],"in":[6,25,53,110,130,178,185,190],"democratic":[7],"society":[8],"for":[9,87,99],"an":[10,39],"elactorate":[11],"to":[12,28,64,77,90,124,134,155,193,228,238],"make":[13],"a":[14,58,96,115,147,179,235],"collective":[15],"decision.":[16],"E-voting":[17],"is":[18,133],"one":[19],"of":[20,107,223,250],"the":[21,71,100,105,108,119,157,191,197,221,230,240],"most":[22],"challenging":[23],"problems":[24],"cryptographic":[26],"research":[27],"provide":[29],"multiple":[30],"dimensions":[31],"security":[32,205],"assurances.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"we":[37],"study":[38],"important":[40],"paradigm,":[42],"score":[43,66,131,251],"voting,":[44,67],"with":[45,253],"privacy":[46,249],"protection,":[47],"which":[48,163,200],"has":[49],"not":[50],"been":[51],"investigated":[52],"previous":[54],"work.":[55],"We":[56,145,219],"propose":[57],"blockchain":[59,76,236],"based":[60],"self-tallying":[61,183],"election":[62,198],"system":[63,192],"support":[65],"dubbed":[68],"\u201cPriScore\u201d,":[69],"where":[70,104],"ballots":[72],"are":[73,122],"recorded":[74],"on":[75,225,234],"prevent":[78],"vote":[79],"forgery":[80],"or":[81],"tampering.":[82],"PriScore":[83,186,209,224,247],"makes":[84],"it":[85],"possible":[86],"each":[88,111],"voter":[89],"assign":[91],"different":[92],"evaluation":[93,120],"scores":[94,109,121,158],"(within":[95],"certain":[97],"range)":[98],"candidates":[101],"as":[102],"ranked-choice,":[103],"sum":[106,143],"ballot":[112],"should":[113],"be":[114],"predefined":[116],"constant,":[117],"encrypted":[123],"maintain":[125],"confidentiality.":[126],"A":[127],"major":[128],"challenge":[129],"simultaneously":[135],"prove":[136,156],"two":[137,160],"constraint":[138],"conditions:":[139],"range":[140],"proof":[141,153,173],"proof.":[144],"introduce":[146],"new":[148],"technique,":[149],"called":[150],"dual":[151],"zero-knowledge":[152],"(dual-ZKP),":[154],"satisfying":[159],"requirements,":[162],"integrates":[164],"\u201c1-out-of-":[165],"<inline-formula":[166],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[167],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[168],"<tex-math":[169],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$K$":[170],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[171],"\u201d":[172],"distributed":[175],"ElGamal":[176],"crypto":[177],"non-trivial":[180],"way.":[181],"The":[182,204,243],"mechanism":[184],"enables":[187],"any":[188],"party":[189],"calculate":[194],"verify":[196],"result,":[199],"provides":[201],"fairness,":[202],"dispute-freeness.":[203],"analysis":[206],"demonstrates":[207],"that":[208,246],"achieves":[210],"completeness,":[211],"soundness,":[212],"eligibility,":[213],"universal/individual":[214],"verifiability":[215],"multiple-voting":[217],"detection.":[218],"evaluate":[220],"performance":[222],"modern":[226],"workbench":[227],"test":[229],"performance,":[231],"also":[233],"platform":[237],"measure":[239],"resource":[241],"consumption.":[242],"experiments":[244],"show":[245],"preserves":[248],"reasonable":[254],"overheads.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
