{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3150051545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2021.3070427","title":"Privacy Leakage of SIFT Features via Deep Generative Model Based Image Reconstruction","display_name":"Privacy Leakage of SIFT Features via Deep Generative Model Based Image Reconstruction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3150051545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2021.3070427","mag":"3150051545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2021.3070427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2021.3070427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079117782","display_name":"Haiwei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-0254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haiwei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037979193","display_name":"Jiantao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiantao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079117782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I6469544"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88565081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"2973","last_page":"2985"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.933698832988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.764826238155365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.751240074634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5855036973953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4997596740722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.4847981035709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.48412761092185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4507673382759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4295450448989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.42377400398254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.3154720962047577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.260351300239563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.933698832988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.764826238155365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.751240074634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5855036973953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4997596740722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.4847981035709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.48412761092185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4507673382759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4295450448989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42377400398254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.3154720962047577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.260351300239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2021.3070427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2021.3070427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4556851971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7268214342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2018-00029-FST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8799953059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2019-00023-FST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48298789","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1616969904","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1915485278","https://openalex.org/W1921523184","https://openalex.org/W1928483324","https://openalex.org/W1965401349","https://openalex.org/W1976101156","https://openalex.org/W1982428585","https://openalex.org/W2009049007","https://openalex.org/W2019586918","https://openalex.org/W2028652181","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2041391458","https://openalex.org/W2059412355","https://openalex.org/W2063201308","https://openalex.org/W2078718577","https://openalex.org/W2092310225","https://openalex.org/W2097777575","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2104520769","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2113500802","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2125795712","https://openalex.org/W2126060993","https://openalex.org/W2129000642","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2137405310","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2149745530","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2161366920","https://openalex.org/W2162601563","https://openalex.org/W2162963619","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2177274842","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2273534930","https://openalex.org/W2469486851","https://openalex.org/W2475287302","https://openalex.org/W2502312327","https://openalex.org/W2548197316","https://openalex.org/W2615238296","https://openalex.org/W2737393222","https://openalex.org/W2810518847","https://openalex.org/W2896811630","https://openalex.org/W2897180259","https://openalex.org/W2899413106","https://openalex.org/W2907097116","https://openalex.org/W2951881930","https://openalex.org/W2962760235","https://openalex.org/W2963037581","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963174698","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963981733","https://openalex.org/W2963989815","https://openalex.org/W2964121592","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2981682056","https://openalex.org/W3012511933","https://openalex.org/W4294643831","https://openalex.org/W4297800839","https://openalex.org/W4301206121","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6636713423","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6640185926","https://openalex.org/W6670285114","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6692550842","https://openalex.org/W6694409310","https://openalex.org/W6724804524","https://openalex.org/W6745560452","https://openalex.org/W6757857098","https://openalex.org/W6765779288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172196609","https://openalex.org/W2020430625","https://openalex.org/W2044065526","https://openalex.org/W2955952267","https://openalex.org/W2058306460","https://openalex.org/W2076436625","https://openalex.org/W2083564146","https://openalex.org/W2542672976","https://openalex.org/W2049930962","https://openalex.org/W2049095871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"practical":[1],"applications,":[2],"e.g.,":[3],"content":[4],"based":[5],"image":[6,37,69,109,136,230,250],"retrieval":[7],"and":[8,91,239],"object":[9],"recognition,":[10],"heavily":[11],"rely":[12],"on":[13],"the":[14,19,32,53,66,75,78,83,88,92,107,124,130,134,149,155,160,165,168,201,208,215,223,228,248,260,268,280],"local":[15,24,38,70],"features":[16,25,39,141,192],"extracted":[17],"from":[18,110,139,259],"query":[20],"image.":[21],"As":[22],"these":[23],"are":[26,94,198],"usually":[27,251],"exposed":[28],"to":[29,128,142,153,200,214,275],"untrustworthy":[30],"parties,":[31],"privacy":[33,54,269],"leakage":[34,55,270],"problem":[35,271],"of":[36,56,65,120,133,226],"has":[40],"received":[41],"increasing":[42],"attention":[43],"in":[44,243],"recent":[45],"years.":[46],"In":[47,246],"this":[48],"work,":[49],"we":[50,183],"thoroughly":[51],"evaluate":[52],"Scale":[57],"Invariant":[58],"Feature":[59],"Transform":[60],"(SIFT),":[61],"which":[62],"is":[63,204],"one":[64,126,151],"most":[67],"widely-used":[68],"features.":[71,113],"We":[72,96],"first":[73,125],"consider":[74],"case":[76],"that":[77,188,267],"adversary":[79,209],"can":[80,210,252,272,283],"fully":[81],"access":[82,213],"SIFT":[84,89,112,140,191,194,216,261,281],"features,":[85,147],"i.e.,":[86],"both":[87],"descriptors":[90,195,217],"coordinates":[93,282],"available.":[95],"propose":[97],"a":[98,276],"novel":[99],"end-to-end,":[100],"coarse-to-fine":[101],"deep":[102,116,170],"generative":[103,117,171],"model":[104,118,172],"for":[105,234],"reconstructing":[106,227],"latent":[108,135,229,249],"its":[111],"The":[114],"designed":[115],"consists":[119],"two":[121],"networks,":[122],"where":[123],"attempts":[127],"learn":[129],"structural":[131],"information":[132],"by":[137,159],"transforming":[138],"Local":[143],"Binary":[144],"Pattern":[145],"(LBP)":[146],"while":[148,218],"second":[150],"aims":[152],"reconstruct":[154],"pixel":[156],"values":[157],"guided":[158],"learned":[161],"LBP.":[162],"Compared":[163],"with":[164,255],"state-of-the-art":[166],"algorithms,":[167],"proposed":[169],"produces":[173],"much":[174],"improved":[175],"reconstructed":[176,254],"results":[177,264],"over":[178],"three":[179],"public":[180],"datasets.":[181],"Furthermore,":[182],"address":[184],"more":[185],"challenging":[186],"cases":[187],"only":[189,211],"partial":[190],"(either":[193],"or":[196],"coordinates)":[197],"accessible":[199],"adversary.":[202],"It":[203],"shown":[205],"that,":[206],"if":[207,279],"have":[212],"not":[219],"their":[220],"coordinates,":[221],"then":[222],"modest":[224],"success":[225],"might":[231],"be":[232,253,273,284],"achieved":[233],"highly-structured":[235],"images":[236],"(e.g.,":[237],"faces)":[238],"probably":[240],"would":[241,265],"fail":[242],"general":[244],"settings.":[245],"addition,":[247],"acceptable":[256],"quality":[257],"solely":[258],"coordinates.":[262],"Our":[263],"suggest":[266],"avoided":[274],"certain":[277],"extent":[278],"well":[285],"protected.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}