{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083155189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.3021924","title":"Can We Trust Your Explanations? Sanity Checks for Interpreters in Android Malware Analysis","display_name":"Can We Trust Your Explanations? Sanity Checks for Interpreters in Android Malware Analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083155189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.3021924","mag":"3083155189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2020.3021924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.3021924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100692958","display_name":"Ming Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9327-0987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032831129","display_name":"Wenying Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-877X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenying Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084396416","display_name":"Xiaofei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-6502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075845093","display_name":"Xiaohong Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-0362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101554099","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, MoEKLINNS, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100692958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7244,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95950543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"838","last_page":"853"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8754794597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8643279075622559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-malware","display_name":"Android malware","score":0.7935311198234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanity","display_name":"Sanity","score":0.7669074535369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptovirology","display_name":"Cryptovirology","score":0.5696417689323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5307564735412598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5266566276550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4496111571788788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.4432363212108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.43177464604377747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42254188656806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3916633725166321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3315594494342804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8754794597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8643279075622559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989133298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android malware","level":3,"score":0.7935311198234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777607469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915214","display_name":"Sanity","level":2,"score":0.7669074535369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506050","display_name":"Cryptovirology","level":3,"score":0.5696417689323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5307564735412598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5266566276550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4496111571788788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.4432363212108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43177464604377747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42254188656806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3916633725166321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3315594494342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2020.3021924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.3021924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1905943838","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61632015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2465343090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602369","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3340281837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61532015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4773384837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019TQ0251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4938631274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1766215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5065734402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61833015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6374429771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6387986177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61721002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6746171846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61532004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8216081277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8518709538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1943233084","https://openalex.org/W2063978378","https://openalex.org/W2122672392","https://openalex.org/W2125011234","https://openalex.org/W2130306094","https://openalex.org/W2168103835","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2286924183","https://openalex.org/W2346578521","https://openalex.org/W2394669110","https://openalex.org/W2403072371","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2538057479","https://openalex.org/W2560361988","https://openalex.org/W2562979205","https://openalex.org/W2601621757","https://openalex.org/W2606462007","https://openalex.org/W2618014206","https://openalex.org/W2620844046","https://openalex.org/W2744095836","https://openalex.org/W2744097819","https://openalex.org/W2788403449","https://openalex.org/W2791541601","https://openalex.org/W2803532212","https://openalex.org/W2809376420","https://openalex.org/W2890991187","https://openalex.org/W2891612330","https://openalex.org/W2898694742","https://openalex.org/W2913039310","https://openalex.org/W2953073956","https://openalex.org/W2953797486","https://openalex.org/W2955308964","https://openalex.org/W2962744253","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2962843949","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2963233086","https://openalex.org/W2963954089","https://openalex.org/W2964882141","https://openalex.org/W2968940383","https://openalex.org/W2970658946","https://openalex.org/W2971201880","https://openalex.org/W2978464814","https://openalex.org/W3005086430","https://openalex.org/W3022179901","https://openalex.org/W3049263593","https://openalex.org/W3096425977","https://openalex.org/W3101609372","https://openalex.org/W4293583991","https://openalex.org/W4293861706","https://openalex.org/W6679349572","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6704488215","https://openalex.org/W6726258750","https://openalex.org/W6730559633","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6739575509","https://openalex.org/W6748426178","https://openalex.org/W6751959524","https://openalex.org/W6754669440","https://openalex.org/W6756943956","https://openalex.org/W6758853676","https://openalex.org/W6762929394","https://openalex.org/W6765569993","https://openalex.org/W6769034782","https://openalex.org/W6773245426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183925834","https://openalex.org/W3199551743","https://openalex.org/W4316077018","https://openalex.org/W1830372847","https://openalex.org/W2067547021","https://openalex.org/W2004333568","https://openalex.org/W3200508744","https://openalex.org/W4285357405","https://openalex.org/W2904021625","https://openalex.org/W2964899650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,17,32,54,59,71,90,118,134,150,161,168],"rapid":[2],"growth":[3],"of":[4,41,92,143,149,170],"Android":[5],"malware,":[6],"many":[7],"machine":[8],"learning-based":[9],"malware":[10,60,114,127,176],"analysis":[11,61],"approaches":[12,43,95,120,146,163],"are":[13,23,44],"proposed":[14,45],"to":[15,30,46,88,102],"mitigate":[16],"severe":[18],"phenomenon.":[19],"However,":[20],"such":[21,79,144],"classifiers":[22],"opaque,":[24],"non-intuitive,":[25],"and":[26,107,116,129,164],"difficult":[27],"for":[28,175],"analysts":[29,72],"understand":[31],"inner":[33],"decision":[34],"reason.":[35],"For":[36],"this":[37,82],"reason,":[38],"a":[39,65,140],"variety":[40],"explanation":[42,55,94,119,136,145,162],"interpret":[47],"predictions":[48],"by":[49,96],"providing":[50],"important":[51],"features.":[52],"Unfortunately,":[53],"results":[56,154],"obtained":[57],"in":[58,67,123,147],"domain":[62],"cannot":[63],"achieve":[64],"consensus":[66],"general,":[68],"which":[69],"makes":[70],"confused":[73],"about":[74],"whether":[75],"they":[76],"can":[77,159],"trust":[78],"results.":[80],"In":[81],"work,":[83],"we":[84,110,138],"propose":[85],"principled":[86],"guidelines":[87],"assess":[89,160],"quality":[91],"five":[93,112],"designing":[97],"three":[98,151],"critical":[99],"quantitative":[100],"metrics":[101,158],"measure":[103],"their":[104],"stability,":[105],"robustness,":[106],"effectiveness.":[108],"Furthermore,":[109],"collect":[111],"widely-used":[113],"datasets":[115],"apply":[117],"on":[121,133],"them":[122],"two":[124],"tasks,":[125],"including":[126],"detection":[128],"familial":[130],"identification.":[131],"Based":[132],"generated":[135],"results,":[137],"conduct":[139],"sanity":[141],"check":[142],"terms":[148],"metrics.":[152],"The":[153],"demonstrate":[155],"that":[156],"our":[157],"help":[165],"us":[166],"obtain":[167],"knowledge":[169],"most":[171],"typical":[172],"malicious":[173],"behaviors":[174],"analysis.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}