{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3062183366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.3017932","title":"Pilot Contamination Attack Detection for 5G MmWave Grant-Free IoT Networks","display_name":"Pilot Contamination Attack Detection for 5G MmWave Grant-Free IoT Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3062183366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.3017932","mag":"3062183366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2020.3017932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.3017932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603261","display_name":"Ning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-7952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-7952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371213","display_name":"Weiwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7329-4236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049398754","display_name":"Amir Alipour-Fanid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-9969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Alipour-Fanid","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-9969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087996220","display_name":"Long Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6790-8932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6790-8932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064265263","display_name":"Monireh Dabaghchian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6939-4621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83909951","display_name":"Morgan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/017d8gk22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monireh Dabaghchian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Morgan State University, Baltimore, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morgan State University, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078480632","display_name":"Kai Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-0695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-0695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91921591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"658","last_page":"670"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8481506109237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.628183126449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5248458385467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.45840293169021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.45693057775497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.4178125858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.395441472530365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3413541316986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2892650365829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21606308221817017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8481506109237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.628183126449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5248458385467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.45840293169021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.45693057775497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.4178125858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.395441472530365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3413541316986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2892650365829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21606308221817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2020.3017932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.3017932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524013832","https://openalex.org/W1610774026","https://openalex.org/W1733425272","https://openalex.org/W1970311186","https://openalex.org/W2022628978","https://openalex.org/W2035769579","https://openalex.org/W2082029531","https://openalex.org/W2127589108","https://openalex.org/W2128865660","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2209485861","https://openalex.org/W2408241409","https://openalex.org/W2611707906","https://openalex.org/W2735475593","https://openalex.org/W2768249397","https://openalex.org/W2771579582","https://openalex.org/W2782815924","https://openalex.org/W2784331297","https://openalex.org/W2797812763","https://openalex.org/W2885073982","https://openalex.org/W2890736047","https://openalex.org/W2913562617","https://openalex.org/W2921104505","https://openalex.org/W2957915633","https://openalex.org/W2962783428","https://openalex.org/W2963854930","https://openalex.org/W2971766018","https://openalex.org/W6656249074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034924094","https://openalex.org/W2981906196","https://openalex.org/W2378749186","https://openalex.org/W3094954546","https://openalex.org/W1513698804","https://openalex.org/W4310560702","https://openalex.org/W2364088131","https://openalex.org/W2029712093","https://openalex.org/W1982811510","https://openalex.org/W52943787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grant-free":[0],"random":[1],"access":[2],"is":[3,141],"an":[4,130],"emerging":[5],"technology":[6],"for":[7,11],"providing":[8],"massive":[9,13,152],"connectivity":[10,153],"5G":[12,33],"machine-type":[14],"communications":[15],"(mMTC),":[16],"where":[17,43],"non-orthogonal":[18],"pilot":[19,39],"sequences":[20],"are":[21,36,94,115],"used":[22],"to":[23,38,55,96,106,117,128],"simultaneously":[24],"detect":[25],"active":[26,58],"users":[27,54],"and":[28,61,151,158,166,190],"estimate":[29],"channels.":[30],"However,":[31],"grant-free":[32],"IoT":[34,53,156],"networks":[35],"vulnerable":[37],"contamination":[40],"attacks":[41],"(PCA),":[42],"the":[44,48,57,79,87,97,100,112,120,146,168,171,188],"attacker":[45],"can":[46,85,103,181],"send":[47],"same":[49],"pilots":[50,114],"as":[51],"legitimate":[52],"harm":[56],"user":[59],"detection":[60,173,179],"channel":[62,80,149],"estimation.":[63],"To":[64],"defend":[65],"against":[66],"this":[67,70,126],"attack,":[68],"in":[69,154],"article,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"a":[74,134],"physical-layer":[75],"countermeasure":[76],"based":[77],"on":[78,125],"virtual":[81],"representation":[82],"(CVR).":[83],"CVR":[84],"emphasize":[86],"unique":[88],"characteristics":[89],"of":[90,99,119,148,170],"mmWave":[91],"channels":[92],"that":[93,118],"sensitive":[95],"location":[98],"sender.":[101],"This":[102,143],"be":[104],"utilized":[105],"counter":[107],"PCA":[108,132],"no":[109],"matter":[110],"if":[111],"attacker's":[113],"superimposed":[116],"victim":[121],"or":[122],"not.":[123],"Based":[124],"observation,":[127],"achieve":[129],"efficient":[131],"detection,":[133],"single-hidden-layer":[135],"multiple":[136],"measurement":[137],"(SHMM)":[138],"Siamese":[139],"network":[140],"employed.":[142],"solution":[144],"tackles":[145],"challenges":[147],"randomness":[150],"mMTC":[155],"networks,":[157],"supports":[159],"small":[160],"sample":[161],"learning.":[162],"Simulation":[163],"results":[164],"evaluate":[165],"confirm":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"proposed":[172],"scheme":[174],"under":[175],"various":[176],"scenarios.":[177],"The":[178],"accuracy":[180],"approach":[182],"99%":[183],"with":[184,195],"128":[185],"antennas":[186],"at":[187],"receiver":[189],"reach":[191],"above":[192],"95%":[193],"even":[194],"only":[196],"50":[197],"training":[198],"samples.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
