{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009800446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.2977023","title":"Inference of Suspicious Co-Visitation and Co-Rating Behaviors and Abnormality Forensics for Recommender Systems","display_name":"Inference of Suspicious Co-Visitation and Co-Rating Behaviors and Abnormality Forensics for Recommender Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009800446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.2977023","mag":"3009800446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2020.2977023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.2977023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081546872","display_name":"Zhihai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1590-2587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhihai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082944496","display_name":"Qindong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-7886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qindong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038791055","display_name":"Yaling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1759-6678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103029948","display_name":"Lei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-5743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038878907","display_name":"Wenjiang Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjiang Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081546872"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87359035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"2766","last_page":"2781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8775126934051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.6517965197563171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4917583763599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abnormality","display_name":"Abnormality","score":0.47270986437797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.39047902822494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37747254967689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3742927312850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.280470073223114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8775126934051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.6517965197563171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4917583763599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.47270986437797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.39047902822494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37747254967689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3742927312850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.280470073223114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2020.2977023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2020.2977023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1180392010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571360","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2847665306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17JF023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3348804293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019GY-028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6249792024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6450355496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JM-266","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33808135","https://openalex.org/W107297539","https://openalex.org/W197787652","https://openalex.org/W1536447791","https://openalex.org/W1842503650","https://openalex.org/W1977290284","https://openalex.org/W1989279326","https://openalex.org/W1998765106","https://openalex.org/W2011814014","https://openalex.org/W2016707451","https://openalex.org/W2020214545","https://openalex.org/W2021487565","https://openalex.org/W2021644234","https://openalex.org/W2021948263","https://openalex.org/W2022613648","https://openalex.org/W2025605741","https://openalex.org/W2029424893","https://openalex.org/W2030808931","https://openalex.org/W2040367556","https://openalex.org/W2046522920","https://openalex.org/W2054526494","https://openalex.org/W2056398894","https://openalex.org/W2061873838","https://openalex.org/W2070107618","https://openalex.org/W2071099735","https://openalex.org/W2072315378","https://openalex.org/W2080802633","https://openalex.org/W2082182279","https://openalex.org/W2123147099","https://openalex.org/W2133699849","https://openalex.org/W2171960770","https://openalex.org/W2252625695","https://openalex.org/W2323407364","https://openalex.org/W2408037166","https://openalex.org/W2509109313","https://openalex.org/W2512770120","https://openalex.org/W2591016786","https://openalex.org/W2613314732","https://openalex.org/W2614930938","https://openalex.org/W2735108298","https://openalex.org/W2741114205","https://openalex.org/W2765820394","https://openalex.org/W2794121917","https://openalex.org/W2892160417","https://openalex.org/W2962960408","https://openalex.org/W2964263397","https://openalex.org/W3101291735","https://openalex.org/W4248173958","https://openalex.org/W4291213652","https://openalex.org/W6601358898","https://openalex.org/W6604367445","https://openalex.org/W6691626848","https://openalex.org/W6714363792","https://openalex.org/W6725794477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390273403","https://openalex.org/W4386781444","https://openalex.org/W4246980185","https://openalex.org/W4243456421","https://openalex.org/W2150182025","https://openalex.org/W4247543202","https://openalex.org/W3092950680","https://openalex.org/W3197542405","https://openalex.org/W3125580266","https://openalex.org/W44246808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"pervasiveness":[1],"of":[2,16,28,49,56,80,87,127,143,151,159,168,189,204,209,226],"personalized":[3],"collaborative":[4,29],"recommender":[5,30],"systems":[6,31],"has":[7],"shown":[8],"the":[9,39,43,66,74,125,128,149,187,190],"powerful":[10],"capability":[11],"in":[12,61,114,172],"a":[13,110],"wide":[14],"range":[15],"E-commerce":[17],"services":[18],"such":[19,237],"as":[20,42,215,217,232,238],"Amazon,":[21],"TripAdvisor,":[22],"Yelp,":[23],"etc.":[24],"However,":[25],"fundamental":[26],"vulnerabilities":[27],"leave":[32],"space":[33],"for":[34,95,117],"malicious":[35,57,81,88],"users":[36],"to":[37,73,174,233],"affect":[38],"recommendation":[40],"results":[41],"attackers":[44],"desire.":[45],"A":[46],"vast":[47],"majority":[48],"existing":[50],"detection":[51,67,112,192],"methods":[52],"assume":[53],"certain":[54],"properties":[55],"attacks":[58,82],"are":[59,103,135,145,170,229],"given":[60],"advance.":[62],"In":[63,105],"reality,":[64],"improving":[65],"performance":[68],"is":[69],"usually":[70],"constrained":[71],"due":[72],"challenging":[75],"issues:":[76],"(a)":[77],"various":[78],"types":[79],"coexist,":[83],"(b)":[84],"limited":[85],"representations":[86,142],"attack":[89],"behaviors,":[90],"and":[91,97,132,156,165,183,222],"(c)":[92],"practical":[93],"evidences":[94],"exploring":[96],"spotting":[98],"anomalies":[99],"on":[100,180,244],"real-world":[101,184,245],"data":[102,185],"scarce.":[104],"this":[106],"paper,":[107],"we":[108],"investigate":[109],"unified":[111],"framework":[113],"an":[115,118],"eye":[116,119],"manner":[120],"without":[121],"being":[122],"bothered":[123],"by":[124],"details":[126],"attacks.":[129],"Firstly,":[130],"co-visitation":[131],"co-rating":[133],"graphs":[134],"constructed":[136],"using":[137],"association":[138,158],"rules.":[139],"Then,":[140],"attribute":[141,163],"nodes":[144,221,240],"empirically":[146],"developed":[147],"from":[148],"perspectives":[150],"linkage":[152],"pattern,":[153],"structure-based":[154],"property":[155],"inherent":[157],"nodes.":[160,177],"Finally,":[161],"both":[162,181],"information":[164],"connective":[166],"coherence":[167],"graph":[169],"combined":[171],"order":[173],"infer":[175],"suspicious":[176,210,220,239],"Extensive":[178],"experiments":[179],"synthetic":[182],"demonstrate":[186],"effectiveness":[188],"proposed":[191],"approach":[193],"compared":[194],"with":[195],"competing":[196],"benchmarks.":[197],"Additionally,":[198],"abnormality":[199],"forensics":[200],"metrics":[201],"including":[202],"distribution":[203],"rating":[205],"intention,":[206],"time":[207,223],"aggregation":[208],"ratings,":[211,228],"degree":[212],"distributions":[213],"before":[214],"well":[216],"after":[218],"removing":[219],"series":[224],"analysis":[225],"historical":[227],"provided":[230],"so":[231],"discover":[234],"interesting":[235],"findings":[236],"(items":[241],"or":[242],"ratings)":[243],"data.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}