{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890595448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2866321","title":"Passive Attacks Against Searchable Encryption","display_name":"Passive Attacks Against Searchable Encryption","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890595448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2866321","mag":"2890595448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2018.2866321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2866321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081596329","display_name":"Jianting Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7165-398X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianting Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011019948","display_name":"Jia Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7887-5913"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NUS-Singtel Cyber Security Research and Development Laboratory, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NUS-Singtel Cyber Security Research and Development Laboratory, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001485404","display_name":"Kaitai Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-7678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaitai Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403380","display_name":"Fan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6087-8243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyber Security Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyber Security Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105408906","display_name":"Ee\u2010Chien Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4613-0866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ee-Chien Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081596329"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6463,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9834693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"789","last_page":"802"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8710421323776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7786351442337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5359756350517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-search","display_name":"Keyword search","score":0.48454561829566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.47359445691108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.42313024401664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4195343852043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.4165242910385132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3947916626930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2801418900489807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8710421323776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7786351442337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5359756350517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988412617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441656","display_name":"Keyword search","level":2,"score":0.48454561829566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.47359445691108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42313024401664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4195343852043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.4165242910385132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3947916626930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2801418900489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2018.2866321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2866321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11139231320002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2018.2866321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:852684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/852684/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2711952031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R006938/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6831098956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7315383393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502708590","https://openalex.org/W1512194687","https://openalex.org/W1521253015","https://openalex.org/W1589843374","https://openalex.org/W1988169383","https://openalex.org/W1991318406","https://openalex.org/W2011212169","https://openalex.org/W2017126829","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2033165262","https://openalex.org/W2054701320","https://openalex.org/W2068488677","https://openalex.org/W2105247544","https://openalex.org/W2108343866","https://openalex.org/W2108590723","https://openalex.org/W2117740674","https://openalex.org/W2122590785","https://openalex.org/W2133003537","https://openalex.org/W2146828512","https://openalex.org/W2147929033","https://openalex.org/W2151272007","https://openalex.org/W2161214567","https://openalex.org/W2162567660","https://openalex.org/W2166992478","https://openalex.org/W2184317164","https://openalex.org/W2294724888","https://openalex.org/W2404098708","https://openalex.org/W2407957622","https://openalex.org/W2408738024","https://openalex.org/W2472177816","https://openalex.org/W2481158741","https://openalex.org/W2771135883","https://openalex.org/W2950325202","https://openalex.org/W4213221013","https://openalex.org/W6630154691","https://openalex.org/W6630429490","https://openalex.org/W6631070857","https://openalex.org/W6675757548","https://openalex.org/W6682311248","https://openalex.org/W6682467853","https://openalex.org/W6683799570","https://openalex.org/W6697421672","https://openalex.org/W6713547331","https://openalex.org/W6713554341","https://openalex.org/W6720239471","https://openalex.org/W6721823159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388464034","https://openalex.org/W2533125852","https://openalex.org/W2140460949","https://openalex.org/W2105580438","https://openalex.org/W2057435755","https://openalex.org/W2018782216","https://openalex.org/W2949620858","https://openalex.org/W2770877918","https://openalex.org/W1989375655","https://openalex.org/W1503401473"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Searchable":[0],"encryption":[1],"(SE)":[2],"provides":[3],"a":[4,17,23,112,207],"privacy-preserving":[5],"mechanism":[6],"for":[7],"data":[8,14],"users":[9],"to":[10,38,49,52,86,138,188,226],"search":[11,213],"over":[12],"encrypted":[13],"stored":[15],"on":[16,72,77,101,153],"remote":[18,40],"server.":[19,41],"Researchers":[20],"have":[21],"designed":[22],"number":[24],"of":[25,35,56,126,156,192,201,206,212,223],"SE":[26,59],"schemes":[27],"with":[28],"high":[29],"efficiency":[30],"yet":[31],"allowing":[32],"some":[33],"degree":[34],"leakage":[36,211],"profile":[37],"the":[39,102,107,119,122,132,139,157,161,167,178,190,199,203,210,221,224],"The":[42],"leakage,":[43],"however,":[44],"should":[45],"be":[46],"further":[47,144],"measured":[48],"allow":[50],"us":[51],"understand":[53],"what":[54],"types":[55,103],"attacks":[57,67,90,148,231],"an":[58],"scheme":[60],"would":[61],"encounter.":[62],"This":[63,82,196],"paper":[64,197],"considers":[65],"passive":[66,114,194,230],"that":[68,91,134,160,218],"make":[69],"inferences":[70],"based":[71],"prior":[73,105,158,204],"knowledge":[74,106,159,205],"and":[75,95,110,209],"observations":[76],"queries":[78],"issued":[79],"by":[80],"users.":[81],"is":[83,129,136],"in":[84,131,165],"contrast":[85],"previously":[87],"studied":[88],"active":[89],"adaptively":[92],"inject":[93],"files":[94],"queries.":[96,214],"We":[97,143],"consider":[98],"several":[99,146],"assumptions":[100,152],"or":[104,173],"attacker":[108,162],"possessed":[109],"propose":[111],"few":[113],"attacks.":[115,195],"In":[116,182],"particular,":[117],"under":[118,149],"\u201cfull-fledged\u201d":[120],"assumption,":[121],"keyword":[123,168,225],"recovery":[124,169],"rate":[125],"our":[127,193,229],"attack":[128],"optimal":[130,172,175],"sense":[133],"it":[135],"equal":[137],"theoretical":[140,179],"upper":[141,180],"bound.":[142],"present":[145],"enhanced":[147],"other":[150],"weaker":[151],"various":[154],"levels":[155],"can":[163],"obtain,":[164],"which":[166],"rates":[170],"are":[171],"nearly":[174],"(i.e.,":[176],"approaching":[177],"bound).":[181],"addition,":[183],"we":[184],"provide":[185],"extensive":[186],"experiments":[187],"show":[189],"\u201cpower\u201d":[191],"highlights":[198],"importance":[200],"minimizing":[202],"server":[208],"It":[215],"also":[216],"shows":[217],"simply":[219],"distorting":[220],"frequency":[222],"hold":[227],"against":[228],"may":[232],"not":[233],"scale":[234],"well.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
