{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883931411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2855648","title":"Layered Object-Oriented Programming: Advanced VTable Reuse Attacks on Binary-Level Defense","display_name":"Layered Object-Oriented Programming: Advanced VTable Reuse Attacks on Binary-Level Defense","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883931411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2855648","mag":"2883931411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2018.2855648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2855648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103185817","display_name":"Chenyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-4464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059253116","display_name":"Bihuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7238-7492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bihuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science, and Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science, and Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019629257","display_name":"Hongjun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9713-7542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103185817"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1402,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83659634,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"693","last_page":"708"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10478","display_name":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8462152481079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-reuse","display_name":"Code reuse","score":0.7789074182510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.7582433819770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5568745136260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.42569127678871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","score":0.4148423671722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.34658557176589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3188437819480896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8462152481079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771245","display_name":"Code reuse","level":3,"score":0.7789074182510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.7582433819770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5568745136260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.42569127678871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.4148423671722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.34658557176589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3188437819480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2018.2855648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2855648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/151282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/151282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7210939681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF2016NCRNCR002-026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7671192633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16JC1400801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313610","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313610","display_name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1112477","https://openalex.org/W1429241971","https://openalex.org/W1459231281","https://openalex.org/W1477563924","https://openalex.org/W1495630617","https://openalex.org/W1538332098","https://openalex.org/W1605557845","https://openalex.org/W1631846088","https://openalex.org/W1691322864","https://openalex.org/W1816718056","https://openalex.org/W1826158585","https://openalex.org/W1878544538","https://openalex.org/W1963947298","https://openalex.org/W1993682390","https://openalex.org/W2006790656","https://openalex.org/W2021806553","https://openalex.org/W2022292029","https://openalex.org/W2022413220","https://openalex.org/W2031641633","https://openalex.org/W2033593513","https://openalex.org/W2035991175","https://openalex.org/W2042856445","https://openalex.org/W2059969702","https://openalex.org/W2066852506","https://openalex.org/W2072102701","https://openalex.org/W2080313875","https://openalex.org/W2081768685","https://openalex.org/W2086839628","https://openalex.org/W2109219878","https://openalex.org/W2111760587","https://openalex.org/W2121468041","https://openalex.org/W2121579803","https://openalex.org/W2123436168","https://openalex.org/W2124360577","https://openalex.org/W2138517425","https://openalex.org/W2159216827","https://openalex.org/W2168843528","https://openalex.org/W2171240827","https://openalex.org/W2512784977","https://openalex.org/W2516933175","https://openalex.org/W2560817611","https://openalex.org/W2575425722","https://openalex.org/W2578771209","https://openalex.org/W2579099470","https://openalex.org/W2599530178","https://openalex.org/W2612138144","https://openalex.org/W2725598243","https://openalex.org/W2784876473","https://openalex.org/W2790728214","https://openalex.org/W3023860284","https://openalex.org/W4234020632","https://openalex.org/W6600040955","https://openalex.org/W6628302897","https://openalex.org/W6628339169","https://openalex.org/W6628351959","https://openalex.org/W6632086762","https://openalex.org/W6636574085","https://openalex.org/W6637592124","https://openalex.org/W6638472749","https://openalex.org/W6638487575","https://openalex.org/W6638583435","https://openalex.org/W6639560864","https://openalex.org/W6652039293","https://openalex.org/W6665536384","https://openalex.org/W6671147960","https://openalex.org/W6676897501","https://openalex.org/W6678174017","https://openalex.org/W6678302136","https://openalex.org/W6678545021","https://openalex.org/W6680659772","https://openalex.org/W6683671222","https://openalex.org/W6731748354","https://openalex.org/W6732464437","https://openalex.org/W6735069696","https://openalex.org/W6737079661","https://openalex.org/W6740408367","https://openalex.org/W6748006856","https://openalex.org/W6749468092","https://openalex.org/W7038687428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182697532","https://openalex.org/W1544062218","https://openalex.org/W1578809901","https://openalex.org/W2611825707","https://openalex.org/W185550498","https://openalex.org/W1580516753","https://openalex.org/W2552002334","https://openalex.org/W1547394117","https://openalex.org/W2348203156","https://openalex.org/W2189076424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vtable":[0],"reuse":[1,9,39,90,106],"attack,":[2,91],"as":[3,46,67],"a":[4,133],"novel":[5],"type":[6],"of":[7,74,128,148,170],"code":[8],"attacks,":[10],"is":[11],"introduced":[12],"to":[13,35,70,92,104,135,162],"bypass":[14,120],"most":[15],"binary-level":[16,28],"control":[17,48,97],"flow":[18,49,98],"integrity":[19,23,50,99],"enforcement":[20,51],"and":[21,31,55,61,115,122,131,150,156,174],"vtable":[22,38,89,105],"enforcement.":[24],"So":[25],"far,":[26],"two":[27],"defenses":[29],"(TypeArmor":[30],"vfGuard)":[32],"are":[33,101,159],"proposed":[34],"defend":[36],"against":[37],"attacks.":[40,107,164],"Both":[41],"techniques":[42],"use":[43],"semantic":[44],"information":[45],"the":[47,68,72,95,126,139,146,168],"policy,":[52],"i.e.,":[53],"TypeArmor":[54,121,149],"vfGuard":[56],"utilize":[57],"argument":[58,112,171],"register":[59],"count":[60],"dispatch":[62],"offset":[63],"at":[64,138],"virtual":[65],"callsite":[66],"signature":[69],"check":[71],"validity":[73],"target":[75],"functions,":[76],"respectively.":[77],"In":[78,108],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81,110,166],"propose":[82],"layered":[83],"object-oriented":[84],"programming":[85],"(LOOP),":[86],"an":[87],"advanced":[88],"show":[93,167],"that":[94,144],"coarse-grained":[96],"strategies":[100],"still":[102],"vulnerable":[103,161],"LOOP,":[109],"introduce":[111],"expansion":[113,172],"gadgets":[114,117,130,173,176],"transfer":[116,175],"to,":[118],"respectively,":[119],"vfGuard.":[123],"We":[124,142],"generalize":[125],"characteristics":[127],"both":[129],"develop":[132],"tool":[134],"discover":[136],"them":[137],"binary":[140],"level.":[141],"demonstrated":[143],"under":[145],"protection":[147],"vfGuard,":[151],"Firefox,":[152],"Adobe":[153],"Flash":[154],"Player,":[155],"Internet":[157],"Explorer":[158],"all":[160],"LOOP":[163],"Furthermore,":[165],"availability":[169],"in":[177],"common":[178],"software":[179],"or":[180],"libraries.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}