{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2811230938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2850770","title":"Machine Learning Cryptanalysis of a Quantum Random Number Generator","display_name":"Machine Learning Cryptanalysis of a Quantum Random Number Generator","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2811230938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2850770","mag":"2811230938"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2018.2850770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2850770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.02342","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070106809","display_name":"Nhan Duy Truong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-8026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhan Duy Truong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano-Neuro-Inspired Research Laboratory, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-8026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano-Neuro-Inspired Research Laboratory, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030739747","display_name":"Jing Yan Haw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8318-9245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096034","display_name":"Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00rnbty21","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I165143802","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210096034","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yan Haw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantum Science, Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantum Science, Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096034","https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011710494","display_name":"Syed M. Assad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5416-7098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096034","display_name":"Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00rnbty21","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I165143802","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210096034","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Muhamad Assad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantum Science, Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantum Science, Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096034","https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083266765","display_name":"Ping Koy Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4421-601X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096034","display_name":"Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00rnbty21","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I165143802","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210096034","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Koy Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantum Science, Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4421-601X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantum Science, Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096034","https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065017416","display_name":"Omid Kavehei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-5553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omid Kavehei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano-Neuro-Inspired Research Laboratory, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-5553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano-Neuro-Inspired Research Laboratory, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.248,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8476754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"403","last_page":"414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.822315514087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7568649053573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.698169469833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6676641702651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptanalysis","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","score":0.5323014259338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.49498146772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4238578677177429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.41676467657089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38871094584465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3881819546222687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3504622280597687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3247584104537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18616411089897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1396702527999878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.822315514087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7568649053573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.698169469833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6676641702651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.5323014259338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.49498146772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4238578677177429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.41676467657089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38871094584465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3881819546222687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3504622280597687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3247584104537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18616411089897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1396702527999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2018.2850770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2850770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.02342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.02342","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.02342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/205204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/205204","pdf_url":"https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstreams/d157960a-3971-4654-b5a7-090d5853236c/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.02342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.02342","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.02342","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2107289373","display_name":"Foundations for Physically Unclonable nano-Security on Silicon","funder_award_id":"DP140103448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2533383055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CE110001027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G589249316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PN 50041400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320386","funder_display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8226428458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PN50041400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320386","funder_display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320386","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320966","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W758803519","https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1564219727","https://openalex.org/W1570671023","https://openalex.org/W1599402473","https://openalex.org/W1944098206","https://openalex.org/W1947481528","https://openalex.org/W1989683026","https://openalex.org/W2006166792","https://openalex.org/W2011021198","https://openalex.org/W2032406921","https://openalex.org/W2057392911","https://openalex.org/W2058302064","https://openalex.org/W2089566231","https://openalex.org/W2117400604","https://openalex.org/W2121174661","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2134101189","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164253138","https://openalex.org/W2219499198","https://openalex.org/W2247946197","https://openalex.org/W2339460943","https://openalex.org/W2342780411","https://openalex.org/W2554129713","https://openalex.org/W2755282453","https://openalex.org/W2901950610","https://openalex.org/W2939642929","https://openalex.org/W2988683112","https://openalex.org/W3004333419","https://openalex.org/W3099775703","https://openalex.org/W3100789686","https://openalex.org/W3101352220","https://openalex.org/W3105690479","https://openalex.org/W4243494487","https://openalex.org/W4298403653","https://openalex.org/W6640879819","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6679724985","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6825343983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134921237","https://openalex.org/W2032644301","https://openalex.org/W2344061241","https://openalex.org/W236957874","https://openalex.org/W2005418990","https://openalex.org/W2109259595","https://openalex.org/W2360514482","https://openalex.org/W1989613568","https://openalex.org/W2247946197","https://openalex.org/W4292794277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Random":[0],"number":[1,39],"generators":[2,40],"(RNGs)":[3],"that":[4,27,156],"are":[5,28,42,107,116],"crucial":[6],"for":[7],"cryptographic":[8],"applications":[9],"have":[10],"been":[11],"the":[12,45,52,58,62,80,103,131,146,162],"subject":[13],"of":[14,49,54,64,82,89,133,164],"adversarial":[15],"attacks.":[16],"These":[17],"attacks":[18],"exploit":[19],"environmental":[20],"information":[21],"to":[22,30,78,140],"predict":[23],"generated":[24],"random":[25,33,38,143],"numbers":[26,144],"supposed":[29],"be":[31],"truly":[32],"and":[34,112,148],"unpredictable.":[35],"Though":[36],"quantum":[37,50],"(QRNGs)":[41],"based":[43],"on":[44],"intrinsic":[46],"indeterministic":[47],"nature":[48],"properties,":[51],"presence":[53],"classical":[55,84],"noise":[56,85,105],"in":[57,86,121,160],"measurement":[59],"process":[60],"compromises":[61],"integrity":[63],"a":[65,72,149],"QRNG.":[66,94],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"develop":[71],"predictive":[73],"machine":[74],"learning":[75],"(ML)":[76],"analysis":[77],"investigate":[79],"impact":[81],"deterministic":[83,104],"different":[87],"stages":[88],"an":[90],"optical":[91],"continuous":[92],"variable":[93],"Our":[95],"ML":[96,135,157],"model":[97],"successfully":[98],"detects":[99],"inherent":[100],"correlations":[101],"when":[102],"sources":[106],"prominent.":[108],"After":[109],"appropriate":[110],"filtering":[111],"randomness":[113],"extraction":[114],"processes":[115],"introduced,":[117],"our":[118,134,153],"QRNG":[119,147],"system,":[120],"turn,":[122],"demonstrates":[123],"its":[124],"robustness":[125,132],"against":[126],"ML.":[127],"We":[128],"further":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"approach":[136],"by":[137],"applying":[138],"it":[139],"uniformly":[141],"distributed":[142],"from":[145],"congruential":[150],"RNG.":[151],"Hence,":[152],"result":[154],"shows":[155],"has":[158],"potentials":[159],"benchmarking":[161],"quality":[163],"RNG":[165],"devices.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
