{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2811290456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2850032","title":"Evaluation of Algorithms for Orientation Invariant Inertial Gait Matching","display_name":"Evaluation of Algorithms for Orientation Invariant Inertial Gait Matching","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2811290456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2850032","mag":"2811290456"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2018.2850032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2850032","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10206/8424103/08395311.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10206/8424103/08395311.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086010528","display_name":"Ravichandran Subramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-256X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravichandran Subramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-256X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020674314","display_name":"Sudeep Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-4207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeep Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-4207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.007,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8595653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"304","last_page":"318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8067014217376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7361320853233337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.6616948843002319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.5962081551551819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5817201137542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49877142906188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.48103171586990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.4725266098976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-frame-of-reference","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","score":0.45176130533218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-geometry","display_name":"Hand geometry","score":0.4436091482639313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4386569857597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.428877055644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.41624826192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38535276055336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1281307339668274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8067014217376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7361320853233337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.6616948843002319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.5962081551551819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5817201137542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49877142906188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.48103171586990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.4725266098976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.45176130533218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146318809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398332","display_name":"Hand geometry","level":3,"score":0.4436091482639313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4386569857597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.428877055644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41624826192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38535276055336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1281307339668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2018.2850032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2850032","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10206/8424103/08395311.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2018.2850032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2850032","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10206/8424103/08395311.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4713059963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2811290456.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2811290456.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168330502","https://openalex.org/W1493448952","https://openalex.org/W1572940804","https://openalex.org/W1797462219","https://openalex.org/W1840637580","https://openalex.org/W1915113127","https://openalex.org/W1973300387","https://openalex.org/W1984031350","https://openalex.org/W1986553199","https://openalex.org/W2005347402","https://openalex.org/W2014047279","https://openalex.org/W2015046270","https://openalex.org/W2018331988","https://openalex.org/W2019474153","https://openalex.org/W2045011071","https://openalex.org/W2047336097","https://openalex.org/W2051071129","https://openalex.org/W2053470800","https://openalex.org/W2056438097","https://openalex.org/W2061655117","https://openalex.org/W2065836500","https://openalex.org/W2066745184","https://openalex.org/W2073939777","https://openalex.org/W2080350448","https://openalex.org/W2088557251","https://openalex.org/W2091951046","https://openalex.org/W2097959561","https://openalex.org/W2103400128","https://openalex.org/W2104335344","https://openalex.org/W2108107014","https://openalex.org/W2110480964","https://openalex.org/W2113408265","https://openalex.org/W2114508896","https://openalex.org/W2130691837","https://openalex.org/W2133091065","https://openalex.org/W2136986105","https://openalex.org/W2137604415","https://openalex.org/W2151373013","https://openalex.org/W2151458682","https://openalex.org/W2171062881","https://openalex.org/W2171701641","https://openalex.org/W2265387843","https://openalex.org/W2471556897","https://openalex.org/W2607326971","https://openalex.org/W2747666224","https://openalex.org/W2765195079","https://openalex.org/W2770546254","https://openalex.org/W3103464150","https://openalex.org/W6675575696","https://openalex.org/W6677051090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226022728","https://openalex.org/W2157001278","https://openalex.org/W2138832667","https://openalex.org/W1508148916","https://openalex.org/W1995418324","https://openalex.org/W2400094997","https://openalex.org/W2211301776","https://openalex.org/W2029196208","https://openalex.org/W2382856674","https://openalex.org/W2060905804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,15,18,50,53,57,94,104,131,146,161],"prevalent":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,17,52,98],"smart":[5],"phones":[6],"in":[7,27],"sensitive":[8],"applications,":[9],"unobtrusive":[10],"methods":[11,108,144],"for":[12],"continuously":[13],"verifying":[14],"identity":[16],"user":[19,58],"have":[20],"become":[21],"critical.":[22],"The":[23,106,121,138,152],"embedded":[24],"inertial":[25,118],"sensors":[26],"these":[28],"devices":[29],"provide":[30],"an":[31],"opportunity":[32],"to":[33,56,61,65,149,164],"develop":[34],"authentication":[35,95],"processes":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38,113],"behavioral":[39],"biometrics":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42],"gait.":[43],"However,":[44],"one":[45],"major":[46],"obstacle":[47],"is":[48,59,136,156],"that":[49,92],"orientation":[51,100],"device":[54,99,132],"relative":[55],"hard":[60],"control":[62],"and":[63,88,101,111,142,159],"difficult":[64],"determine":[66],"reliably.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"presents":[70],"five":[71,107],"methods:":[72],"magnitude":[73],"(MAG),":[74],"principal":[75],"component":[76],"analysis":[77],"(PCA),":[78],"vector":[79],"cross":[80],"product":[81],"(VCP),":[82],"reduced":[83],"gait":[84,119],"dynamics":[85],"image":[86],"(rGDI),":[87],"Kabsch":[89,153],"alignment":[90],"(KAB)":[91,154],"make":[93],"process":[96],"independent":[97],"hence":[102],"improve":[103],"performance.":[105],"are":[109],"evaluated":[110],"compared":[112],"two":[114],"large,":[115],"publicly":[116],"available,":[117],"datasets.":[120],"baseline":[122],"(orientation":[123],"dependent)":[124],"average":[125,147,162],"equal":[126],"error":[127],"rate":[128],"(EER)":[129],"when":[130],"was":[133],"freely":[134],"oriented":[135],"26.4%.":[137],"MAG,":[139],"PCA,":[140],"VCP,":[141],"rGDI":[143],"reduce":[145],"EER":[148,163],"approximately":[150],"23%.":[151],"method":[155],"more":[157],"effective":[158],"reduces":[160],"20.2%.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
