{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2765561517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2765500","title":"Physical-Layer Security for Proximal Legitimate User and Eavesdropper: A Frequency Diverse Array Beamforming Approach","display_name":"Physical-Layer Security for Proximal Legitimate User and Eavesdropper: A Frequency Diverse Array Beamforming Approach","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2765561517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2765500","mag":"2765561517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2017.2765500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2765500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635625","display_name":"Jingran Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5355-3333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingran Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429879","display_name":"Qiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5609-3320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101187079","display_name":"Jintai Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jintai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049429193","display_name":"Huaizong Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-7991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaizong Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049463786","display_name":"Wen-Qin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-9585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Qin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9710606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"671","last_page":"684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.9066034555435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8238587975502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7829399108886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.5539224147796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phy","display_name":"PHY","score":0.5438355803489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.4990570545196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46906208992004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoupling","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","score":0.46147558093070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4081401526927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2251776158809662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20266348123550415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.9066034555435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8238587975502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7829399108886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.5539224147796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41918916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"PHY","level":4,"score":0.5438355803489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.4990570545196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46906208992004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.46147558093070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4081401526927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2251776158809662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20266348123550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2017.2765500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2765500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2902456604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3824842798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYGX2016J007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4553106276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYGX2016J011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7449360775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8642334944","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u9891\u63a7\u9635\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61471103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W391578156","https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1018872280","https://openalex.org/W1540764732","https://openalex.org/W1568228912","https://openalex.org/W1923046584","https://openalex.org/W1964339032","https://openalex.org/W1970334960","https://openalex.org/W1979987252","https://openalex.org/W1991443761","https://openalex.org/W2009204314","https://openalex.org/W2029230808","https://openalex.org/W2032278718","https://openalex.org/W2036168037","https://openalex.org/W2040317577","https://openalex.org/W2045172350","https://openalex.org/W2050968963","https://openalex.org/W2060416030","https://openalex.org/W2079364662","https://openalex.org/W2081035264","https://openalex.org/W2095114822","https://openalex.org/W2098257231","https://openalex.org/W2112513314","https://openalex.org/W2116892602","https://openalex.org/W2128380657","https://openalex.org/W2133108373","https://openalex.org/W2133406100","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2165468651","https://openalex.org/W2412859457","https://openalex.org/W2488578204","https://openalex.org/W2505665730","https://openalex.org/W2578975026","https://openalex.org/W3104938594","https://openalex.org/W3105289681","https://openalex.org/W4293702014","https://openalex.org/W6633899685","https://openalex.org/W6674918531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391308034","https://openalex.org/W2765236478","https://openalex.org/W2951619176","https://openalex.org/W4360996312","https://openalex.org/W3159852908","https://openalex.org/W2529506699","https://openalex.org/W2945523224","https://openalex.org/W4313639042","https://openalex.org/W2994678687","https://openalex.org/W2766792752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transmit":[0],"beamforming":[1,80,108,195],"and":[2,32,47,64,99,113,134,208],"artificial":[3],"noise-based":[4],"methods":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"employed":[9],"to":[10,20,55,91,123,146,181],"achieve":[11],"physical-layer":[12],"(PHY)":[13],"security.":[14,117],"However,":[15,151],"these":[16],"approaches":[17],"may":[18],"fail":[19],"provide":[21,197],"satisfactory":[22],"secure":[23],"performance":[24],"if":[25],"the":[26,42,57,93,106,125,131,135,147,165,175],"channels":[27,96],"of":[28,44,51,97],"legitimate":[29],"user":[30],"(LU)":[31],"eavesdropper":[33],"(Eve)":[34],"are":[35],"highly":[36,94],"correlated,":[37],"which":[38,82],"usually":[39],"occurs":[40],"in":[41,66],"case":[43],"close-located":[45],"LU":[46,63,98,207],"Eve.":[48,100,209],"The":[49],"goal":[50],"this":[52,70,103,170],"paper":[53],"is":[54,143],"address":[56],"PHY":[58,116],"security":[59],"problem":[60,142],"for":[61,205],"proximal":[62,206],"Eve":[65],"millimeter-wave":[67],"transmissions.":[68],"To":[69],"end,":[71],"we":[72,121,152,172],"propose":[73],"a":[74,160,184],"novel":[75],"frequency":[76,86,132,166],"diverse":[77],"array":[78,89],"(FDA)":[79],"approach,":[81],"intentionally":[83],"introduces":[84],"some":[85],"offsets":[87,133],"across":[88],"antennas":[90],"decouple":[92],"correlated":[95],"By":[101],"exploiting":[102],"decoupling":[104],"capability,":[105],"FDA":[107,119,194],"can":[109,156,196],"degrade":[110],"Eve's":[111],"reception":[112],"thus":[114],"enhance":[115],"Leveraging":[118],"beamforming,":[120,203],"aim":[122],"maximize":[124],"secrecy":[126,139,199],"rate":[127,140,200],"by":[128],"jointly":[129],"optimizing":[130],"transmit":[136],"beamformer.":[137],"This":[138],"maximization":[141],"difficult":[144],"due":[145],"tightly":[148],"coupled":[149],"variables.":[150],"show":[153],"that":[154,193],"it":[155],"be":[157],"reformulated":[158],"into":[159],"form":[161],"only":[162],"depending":[163],"on":[164],"offsets.":[167],"Building":[168],"upon":[169],"reformulation,":[171],"further":[173],"employ":[174],"block":[176],"successive":[177],"upper-bound":[178],"minimization":[179],"method":[180],"iteratively":[182],"obtain":[183],"solution":[185],"with":[186],"stationary":[187],"convergence":[188],"guarantee.":[189],"Numerical":[190],"results":[191],"demonstrate":[192],"higher":[198],"than":[201],"conventional":[202],"especially":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-01-24T23:23:39.755997","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
