{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2735202016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2725199","title":"IllusionPIN: Shoulder-Surfing Resistant Authentication Using Hybrid Images","display_name":"IllusionPIN: Shoulder-Surfing Resistant Authentication Using Hybrid Images","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2735202016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2725199","mag":"2735202016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2017.2725199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2725199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.06508","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Athanasios Papadopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-959X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios Papadopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Toan Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toan Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Emre Durmus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre Durmus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nasir Memon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0103-9762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasir Memon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1172,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98080294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"2875","last_page":"2889"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keypad","display_name":"Keypad","score":0.9934999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/touchscreen","display_name":"Touchscreen","score":0.5864999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"Memorization","score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.3379000127315521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780140372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009740","display_name":"Keypad","level":2,"score":0.9934999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8313000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6322000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778539339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165970","display_name":"Touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.5864999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2017.2725199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2725199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1708.06508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1708.06508","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.06508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1708.06508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1708.06508","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.06508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170161968","https://openalex.org/W1490122681","https://openalex.org/W1864060692","https://openalex.org/W1978075813","https://openalex.org/W1980015812","https://openalex.org/W1984170645","https://openalex.org/W1987485968","https://openalex.org/W1990908908","https://openalex.org/W1995841147","https://openalex.org/W2000887129","https://openalex.org/W2028849308","https://openalex.org/W2030112111","https://openalex.org/W2038097657","https://openalex.org/W2040320186","https://openalex.org/W2041942569","https://openalex.org/W2046378201","https://openalex.org/W2078483465","https://openalex.org/W2093819390","https://openalex.org/W2122739475","https://openalex.org/W2123776321","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2139094422","https://openalex.org/W2149717702","https://openalex.org/W2151027695","https://openalex.org/W2152416943","https://openalex.org/W2157007820","https://openalex.org/W2157992311","https://openalex.org/W2163582782","https://openalex.org/W2168078737","https://openalex.org/W2295237794","https://openalex.org/W2295659545","https://openalex.org/W2315247372","https://openalex.org/W2395105390","https://openalex.org/W2582173949","https://openalex.org/W6607465244","https://openalex.org/W6628932435","https://openalex.org/W6629752657","https://openalex.org/W6636759762","https://openalex.org/W6639774773"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,135],"address":[1],"the":[2,25,43,49,60,66,75,88,92,96,102,119,130,133,150,161,172,176,179,196],"problem":[3],"of":[4,27,95,104,132,149,178,198],"shoulder-surfing":[5,142],"attacks":[6,143,151],"on":[7,20,113,182],"authentication":[8,16,85],"schemes":[9],"by":[10],"proposing":[11],"IllusionPIN":[12],"(IPIN),":[13],"a":[14,40,69,166,191,199],"PIN-based":[15],"method":[17],"that":[18,42],"operates":[19],"touchscreen":[21],"devices.":[22],"IPIN":[23,203],"uses":[24],"technique":[26],"hybrid":[28],"images":[29],"to":[30,48,55,128,170,194],"blend":[31],"two":[32],"keypads":[33],"with":[34,139],"different":[35,146],"digit":[36],"orderings":[37],"in":[38,83,205],"such":[39],"way,":[41],"user":[44,201],"who":[45,62],"is":[46,51,63,72,81,111,126,168,204],"close":[47],"device":[50,67],"seeing":[52,73],"one":[53],"keypad":[54,80,131,177],"enter":[56],"her":[57],"PIN,":[58],"while":[59],"attacker":[61,89],"looking":[64],"at":[65],"from":[68,122,144,164,175],"bigger":[70],"distance":[71,121,163],"only":[74],"other":[76],"keypad.":[77],"The":[78],"user's":[79],"shuffled":[82],"every":[84],"attempt,":[86],"since":[87],"may":[90],"memorize":[91],"spatial":[93],"arrangement":[94],"pressed":[97],"digits.":[98],"To":[99],"reason":[100],"about":[101],"security":[103],"IPIN,":[105],"we":[106,159],"developed":[107],"an":[108,124],"algorithm":[109],"which":[110,123,165],"based":[112],"human":[114],"visual":[115,173],"perception":[116],"and":[117],"estimates":[118],"minimum":[120,162],"observer":[125],"unable":[127,169],"interpret":[129],"user.":[134,180],"tested":[136],"our":[137,155,183],"estimations":[138],"84":[140],"simulated":[141],"21":[145],"people.":[147],"None":[148],"was":[152],"successful":[153],"against":[154],"estimations.":[156],"In":[157],"addition,":[158],"estimated":[160],"camera":[167,193],"capture":[171,195],"information":[174],"Based":[181],"analysis,":[184],"it":[185],"seems":[186],"practically":[187],"almost":[188],"impossible":[189],"for":[190],"surveillance":[192],"PIN":[197],"smartphone":[200],"when":[202],"use.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2017-07-21T00:00:00"}
