{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2618973131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2707323","title":"Data Secrecy Protection Through Information Flow Tracking in Proof-Carrying Hardware IP\u2014Part I: Framework Fundamentals","display_name":"Data Secrecy Protection Through Information Flow Tracking in Proof-Carrying Hardware IP\u2014Part I: Framework Fundamentals","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2618973131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2707323","mag":"2618973131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2017.2707323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2707323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2015/5561","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017464942","display_name":"Yier Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-0597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yier Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-0597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011794280","display_name":"Xiaolong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-9407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081696966","display_name":"Raj Gautam Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-5666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raj Gautam Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042564597","display_name":"Mohammad-Mahdi Bidmeshki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad-Mahdi Bidmeshki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078818440","display_name":"Yiorgos Makris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4322-0068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiorgos Makris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4322-0068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94284683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"2416","last_page":"2429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8230802416801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.7193666696548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.6634277105331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5405157804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.5391393899917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.504564642906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-flow","display_name":"Design flow","score":0.4958880841732025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sensitivity","display_name":"Information sensitivity","score":0.4794532358646393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.44849893450737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.42288511991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-theorem-proving","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","score":0.4209122061729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-flow","display_name":"Information flow","score":0.41632986068725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3713730573654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3386504054069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2691282033920288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09096089005470276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8230802416801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.7193666696548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.6634277105331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5405157804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.5391393899917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.504564642906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37135326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931942","display_name":"Design flow","level":2,"score":0.4958880841732025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.4794532358646393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.44849893450737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.42288511991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206880738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431667","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","level":2,"score":0.4209122061729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283002","display_name":"Information flow","level":2,"score":0.41632986068725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3713730573654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3386504054069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2691282033920288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09096089005470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2017.2707323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2707323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:scopus2015-6560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2015/5561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Export 2015-2019","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:scopus2015-6560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2015/5561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Export 2015-2019","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1767442721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ARO W911NF-16-1-0124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2771086787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-1318860","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3395661569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ARO W911NF-12-1-0091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8408570373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-1319105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484614106","https://openalex.org/W1500140210","https://openalex.org/W1579574516","https://openalex.org/W1591013007","https://openalex.org/W1969275903","https://openalex.org/W1976955200","https://openalex.org/W2021949528","https://openalex.org/W2047855165","https://openalex.org/W2050351395","https://openalex.org/W2054362794","https://openalex.org/W2068118521","https://openalex.org/W2094691152","https://openalex.org/W2097624522","https://openalex.org/W2100666033","https://openalex.org/W2101152030","https://openalex.org/W2107890513","https://openalex.org/W2116469687","https://openalex.org/W2121894892","https://openalex.org/W2122049982","https://openalex.org/W2131129639","https://openalex.org/W2131570398","https://openalex.org/W2132461047","https://openalex.org/W2135455660","https://openalex.org/W2136296832","https://openalex.org/W2145936802","https://openalex.org/W2151668694","https://openalex.org/W2154958010","https://openalex.org/W2168264487","https://openalex.org/W2199322517","https://openalex.org/W2291231941","https://openalex.org/W2432335885","https://openalex.org/W2464661970","https://openalex.org/W2512350220","https://openalex.org/W2524064595","https://openalex.org/W3098156094","https://openalex.org/W4237770726","https://openalex.org/W4255344275","https://openalex.org/W6629918636","https://openalex.org/W6676298958","https://openalex.org/W6684481483","https://openalex.org/W6696816888","https://openalex.org/W6784947490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2612718941","https://openalex.org/W4288075818","https://openalex.org/W189451467","https://openalex.org/W2077568170","https://openalex.org/W3200138464","https://openalex.org/W2143793665","https://openalex.org/W3088996813","https://openalex.org/W42776009","https://openalex.org/W2138926267","https://openalex.org/W3010548582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Proof-carrying":[0],"hardware":[1,15,51,61,188,246,251],"intellectual":[2],"property":[3],"(PCHIP)":[4],"is":[5,53],"a":[6,50,143,172],"previously":[7],"proposed":[8,232],"framework":[9,77,141,178],"for":[10,23,41,89,132,197,207],"ensuring":[11],"trustworthiness":[12],"of":[13,20,30,46,104,113,120,124,182,195,230,238,258],"third-party":[14],"IP":[16],"through":[17],"the":[18,44,74,102,111,125,130,139,168,218,223,231],"development":[19,103,181,220],"formal":[21,75],"proofs":[22,194],"security":[24,121,210],"properties":[25,211],"designed":[26],"to":[27,86],"prevent":[28],"introduction":[29],"malicious":[31,60,153],"behavior.":[32],"Based":[33],"on":[34],"this":[35,259],"framework,":[36],"we":[37,64,108,137,147],"introduce":[38,110],"new":[39],"approaches":[40],"assuring":[42],"that":[43,91],"secrecy":[45,79,106],"internal":[47],"information":[48,68,93,162],"in":[49,84,101,151,160,171,212,222,241,248,255],"design":[52,57,243],"not":[54,95],"compromised":[55],"by":[56,166],"flaws":[58,244],"or":[59,245],"Trojans.":[62],"Specifically,":[63],"devise":[65],"two":[66],"PCHIP-based":[67],"flow":[69],"tracking":[70],"approaches,":[71],"which":[72,117,156,186],"enhance":[73,138],"PCHIP":[76,140,177,225],"with":[78,142,193],"tags":[80],"and/or":[81],"sensitivity":[82],"levels":[83],"order":[85],"provide":[87],"mechanisms":[88],"proving":[90,209],"sensitive":[92,161],"does":[94],"reach":[96],"undesired":[97],"sites.":[98],"To":[99],"assist":[100],"data":[105,154],"properties,":[107],"also":[109,179],"concept":[112],"theorem":[114],"generation":[115,119],"functions,":[116],"enable":[118],"theorems":[122],"independent":[123],"target":[126],"circuit,":[127],"thereby":[128,216],"paving":[129],"way":[131],"proof":[133,219],"automation.":[134],"In":[135],"addition,":[136],"hierarchy-preserving":[144],"methodology":[145],"and":[146],"show":[148],"its":[149],"utility":[150],"preventing":[152],"modification,":[155],"may":[157],"indirectly":[158],"result":[159],"leakage,":[163],"such":[164],"as":[165,234,236],"modifying":[167],"secret":[169],"key":[170],"cryptographic":[173,250],"core.":[174],"This":[175],"enhanced":[176],"enables":[180],"hybrid":[183],"module":[184,201],"libraries,":[185],"contain":[187],"description":[189],"language":[190],"code":[191],"along":[192],"lemmas":[196],"these":[198],"modules.":[199],"These":[200],"libraries":[202],"can":[203],"then":[204],"be":[205],"used":[206],"hierarchically":[208],"higher":[213],"level":[214],"designs,":[215],"reducing":[217],"burden":[221],"general":[224],"framework.":[226],"Efforts":[227],"toward":[228],"automation":[229],"methodologies,":[233],"well":[235],"evaluation":[237],"their":[239],"effectiveness":[240],"identifying":[242],"Trojans":[247],"various":[249],"designs":[252],"are":[253],"presented":[254],"part":[256],"II":[257],"paper":[260],"series.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}