{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2600685225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2686013","title":"A Code-Level Approach to Heterogeneous Iris Recognition","display_name":"A Code-Level Approach to Heterogeneous Iris Recognition","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2600685225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2686013","mag":"2600685225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2017.2686013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2686013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062307347","display_name":"Nianfeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2338-2529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nianfeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554","https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375073","display_name":"Jing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-6433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554","https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055505703","display_name":"Zhenan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-9935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554","https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111885963","display_name":"Tieniu Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tieniu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554","https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062307347"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92624025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"2373","last_page":"2386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9370999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9309999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.832735538482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8301123380661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.7218888998031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6910966038703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6790498495101929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5831089615821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5746994614601135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5565521121025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5370456576347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5348383784294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.45142900943756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.44547417759895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4378528594970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12043771147727966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.832735538482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8301123380661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.7218888998031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6910966038703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6790498495101929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5831089615821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5746994614601135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5565521121025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5370456576347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5348383784294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.45142900943756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.44547417759895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4378528594970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12043771147727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2017.2686013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2686013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4952514591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB1001000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5592736846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDB02080007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6199876064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573360","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97642701","https://openalex.org/W100289118","https://openalex.org/W1997688353","https://openalex.org/W2016957240","https://openalex.org/W2017092385","https://openalex.org/W2055444136","https://openalex.org/W2058701903","https://openalex.org/W2065195327","https://openalex.org/W2068246792","https://openalex.org/W2078104826","https://openalex.org/W2094333869","https://openalex.org/W2097074225","https://openalex.org/W2100603595","https://openalex.org/W2101816048","https://openalex.org/W2102525097","https://openalex.org/W2102796633","https://openalex.org/W2103017672","https://openalex.org/W2110652930","https://openalex.org/W2122742052","https://openalex.org/W2126653386","https://openalex.org/W2144070539","https://openalex.org/W2149999708","https://openalex.org/W2152482663","https://openalex.org/W2157168442","https://openalex.org/W2157236671","https://openalex.org/W2160776381","https://openalex.org/W2161087606","https://openalex.org/W2161555980","https://openalex.org/W2161703452","https://openalex.org/W2167260591","https://openalex.org/W2539291380","https://openalex.org/W4233933606","https://openalex.org/W6604083624","https://openalex.org/W6675513886","https://openalex.org/W6683645654","https://openalex.org/W6683721463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162640687","https://openalex.org/W2018223046","https://openalex.org/W2759939383","https://openalex.org/W2294693339","https://openalex.org/W2355560018","https://openalex.org/W2147209541","https://openalex.org/W4231710054","https://openalex.org/W2557390811","https://openalex.org/W3133795085","https://openalex.org/W3213945064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Matching":[0],"heterogeneous":[1,25,43,54],"iris":[2,9,26,44,55,70,78,98,108,120,146],"images":[3,27,56,147],"in":[4,28,42,72,96,116,157],"less":[5],"constrained":[6],"applications":[7],"of":[8,53,69,93,125,136],"biometrics":[10],"is":[11,57],"becoming":[12],"a":[13,39,76,87,118],"challenging":[14],"task.":[15],"The":[16,46,106],"existing":[17,161],"solutions":[18],"try":[19],"to":[20,81],"reduce":[21],"the":[22,67,73,82,91,97,104,123,149,154,160],"difference":[23],"between":[24,49],"pixel":[29],"intensities":[30],"or":[31],"filtered":[32],"features.":[33],"In":[34,85],"contrast,":[35],"this":[36],"paper":[37],"proposes":[38],"code-level":[40,150],"approach":[41,151],"recognition.":[45],"non-linear":[47],"relationship":[48],"binary":[50,94],"feature":[51],"codes":[52,95],"modeled":[58],"by":[59],"an":[60],"adapted":[61],"Markov":[62],"network.":[63],"This":[64],"model":[65],"transforms":[66],"number":[68],"templates":[71],"probe":[74],"into":[75],"homogenous":[77],"template":[79,99,109],"corresponding":[80],"gallery":[83],"sample.":[84],"addition,":[86],"weight":[88,111],"map":[89,112],"on":[90],"reliability":[92],"can":[100,152],"be":[101],"derived":[102],"from":[103],"model.":[105],"learnt":[107],"and":[110,130,164],"are":[113],"jointly":[114],"used":[115],"building":[117],"robust":[119],"matcher":[121],"against":[122],"variations":[124],"imaging":[126],"sensors,":[127],"capturing":[128],"distance,":[129],"subject":[131],"conditions.":[132],"Extensive":[133],"experimental":[134],"results":[135],"matching":[137],"cross-sensor,":[138],"high-resolution":[139],"versus":[140,144],"low-resolution":[141],"and,":[142],"clear":[143],"blurred":[145],"demonstrate":[148],"achieve":[153],"highest":[155],"accuracy":[156],"compared":[158],"with":[159],"pixel-level,":[162],"feature-level,":[163],"score-level":[165],"solutions.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
