{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993597080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2426144","title":"Local Patterns of Gradients for Face Recognition","display_name":"Local Patterns of Gradients for Face Recognition","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993597080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2426144","mag":"1993597080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2015.2426144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2426144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100886925","display_name":"Huu-Tuan Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73685970","display_name":"Vietnam Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9fzp04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73685970"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huu-Tuan Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Vietnam Maritime University, Haiphong, Vietnam","Faculty of Information Technology, Vietnam Maritime University,Haiphong,Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Vietnam Maritime University, Haiphong, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73685970"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Vietnam Maritime University,Haiphong,Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73685970"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081662880","display_name":"Alice Caplier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-4627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124956","display_name":"Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02wrme198","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210124956","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Caplier","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIPSA-Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France","[GIPSA Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIPSA-Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I4210124956"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[GIPSA Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I4210124956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100886925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73685970"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93608254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"1739","last_page":"1751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.8011349439620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7670027017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7387653589248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6763116121292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6306631565093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6103266477584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5938809514045715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5132119655609131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5056569576263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.505455493927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.4852449893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44065284729003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.41221702098846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.35773053765296936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.8011349439620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7670027017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7387653589248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6763116121292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6306631565093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6103266477584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5938809514045715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5132119655609131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5056569576263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.505455493927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.4852449893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44065284729003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.41221702098846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35773053765296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2015.2426144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2426144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01187416v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01187416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2015, 10 (8), pp.1739-1751. &#x27E8;10.1109/TIFS.2015.2426144&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44218039","https://openalex.org/W1213294141","https://openalex.org/W1491741707","https://openalex.org/W1506672085","https://openalex.org/W1540682689","https://openalex.org/W1545641654","https://openalex.org/W1560641285","https://openalex.org/W1563338414","https://openalex.org/W1567019178","https://openalex.org/W1578352865","https://openalex.org/W1591385104","https://openalex.org/W1607979445","https://openalex.org/W1735394485","https://openalex.org/W1865963168","https://openalex.org/W1975104124","https://openalex.org/W1979889974","https://openalex.org/W1983781364","https://openalex.org/W1984926403","https://openalex.org/W1985425861","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W1990350265","https://openalex.org/W2006500012","https://openalex.org/W2008107235","https://openalex.org/W2009094591","https://openalex.org/W2012352340","https://openalex.org/W2017155271","https://openalex.org/W2021822368","https://openalex.org/W2023405479","https://openalex.org/W2027786278","https://openalex.org/W2032533296","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2035835595","https://openalex.org/W2054515210","https://openalex.org/W2054891869","https://openalex.org/W2055492845","https://openalex.org/W2079315848","https://openalex.org/W2080961759","https://openalex.org/W2082020538","https://openalex.org/W2082045173","https://openalex.org/W2085400714","https://openalex.org/W2097777575","https://openalex.org/W2099629511","https://openalex.org/W2101149304","https://openalex.org/W2101231430","https://openalex.org/W2102773363","https://openalex.org/W2103056131","https://openalex.org/W2106121358","https://openalex.org/W2109685970","https://openalex.org/W2110816694","https://openalex.org/W2117072267","https://openalex.org/W2120100419","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2127234976","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2135146111","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2139332436","https://openalex.org/W2142704643","https://openalex.org/W2156815375","https://openalex.org/W2158424441","https://openalex.org/W2162458225","https://openalex.org/W2164847484","https://openalex.org/W2165731615","https://openalex.org/W2167260591","https://openalex.org/W2169239053","https://openalex.org/W2169843502","https://openalex.org/W2544985556","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W3143490038","https://openalex.org/W6632636493","https://openalex.org/W6633748423","https://openalex.org/W6635552349","https://openalex.org/W6639335622","https://openalex.org/W6664139381","https://openalex.org/W6676022301","https://openalex.org/W6677495702","https://openalex.org/W6679038454","https://openalex.org/W6684125387","https://openalex.org/W6685049899","https://openalex.org/W6728587697","https://openalex.org/W7023504727"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2581696209","https://openalex.org/W2020430625","https://openalex.org/W2044065526","https://openalex.org/W2955952267","https://openalex.org/W2058306460","https://openalex.org/W2076436625","https://openalex.org/W2083564146","https://openalex.org/W2148428954","https://openalex.org/W3211626993","https://openalex.org/W2049095871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,25,48,52,71,113,153],"novel":[3,114],"feature":[4,49,198],"extraction":[5,199],"method":[6,192],"named":[7],"local":[8,21,31,42,84,90],"patterns":[9,23,44,85,91],"of":[10,28,51,68,89,156],"gradients":[11],"(LPOGs)":[12],"for":[13,40,103,125,132],"robust":[14,151],"face":[15,53,115],"recognition.":[16],"LPOG":[17,101,109,147,177,191],"uses":[18],"block-wised":[19],"elliptical":[20],"binary":[22],"(BELBP),":[24],"refined":[26],"variant":[27],"ELBP,":[29],"and":[30,70,128,143,166,201],"phase":[32],"quantization":[33],"(LPQ)":[34],"operators":[35],"directly":[36],"on":[37,108,136],"gradient":[38,61,80],"images":[39,62],"capturing":[41],"texture":[43],"to":[45,82,98],"build":[46],"up":[47],"vector":[50,102],"image.":[54,106],"From":[55],"one":[56],"input":[57],"image,":[58],"two":[59],"directional":[60],"are":[63,74,95],"computed.":[64],"A":[65],"symmetric":[66],"pair":[67],"BELBP":[69],"LPQ":[72],"operator":[73],"then":[75],"separately":[76],"applied":[77,204],"upon":[78],"each":[79],"image":[81],"generate":[83],"images.":[86],"Histogram":[87],"sequences":[88],"images'":[92],"nonoverlapped":[93],"subregions":[94],"finally":[96],"concatenated":[97],"form":[99],"the":[100,104,181],"given":[105],"Based":[107],"descriptor,":[110],"we":[111],"propose":[112],"recognition":[116],"system":[117,149],"which":[118],"exploits":[119],"whitened":[120],"principal":[121],"component":[122],"analysis":[123],"(WPCA)":[124],"dimension":[126],"reduction":[127],"weighted":[129],"angle-based":[130],"distance":[131],"classification.":[133],"Experimental":[134],"results":[135],"three":[137],"large":[138],"public":[139],"databases":[140],"(FERET,":[141],"AR,":[142],"SCface)":[144],"prove":[145],"that":[146,176,189],"WPCA":[148,178],"is":[150,193],"against":[152],"wide":[154],"range":[155],"challenges,":[157],"such":[158],"as":[159],"illumination,":[160],"expression,":[161],"occlusion,":[162],"pose,":[163],"time-lapse":[164],"variations,":[165],"low":[167],"resolution.":[168],"In":[169],"addition,":[170],"comparison":[171],"with":[172],"other":[173],"systems":[174],"shows":[175],"significantly":[179],"outperforms":[180],"state-of-the-art":[182],"methods.":[183],"Computationally,":[184],"timing":[185],"benchmarks":[186],"also":[187],"demonstrate":[188],"our":[190],"faster":[194],"than":[195],"many":[196],"advanced":[197],"algorithms":[200],"can":[202],"be":[203],"in":[205],"real-world":[206],"applications.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
