{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003092530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2400395","title":"Face Spoof Detection With Image Distortion Analysis","display_name":"Face Spoof Detection With Image Distortion Analysis","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003092530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2400395","mag":"2003092530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2015.2400395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2400395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089128130","display_name":"Di Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-1493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091049278","display_name":"Hu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-1792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613677","display_name":"Anil K. Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-6995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil K. Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":44.941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":916,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99892241,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"746","last_page":"761"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8969172835350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6263545155525208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5330264568328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5230427980422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.486567884683609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.4689839482307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.4164353013038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.37658169865608215}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8969172835350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6263545155525208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5330264568328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5230427980422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.486567884683609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.4689839482307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4164353013038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.37658169865608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2015.2400395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2400395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57796367","https://openalex.org/W1524528038","https://openalex.org/W1770095230","https://openalex.org/W1835705677","https://openalex.org/W1889383825","https://openalex.org/W1971062533","https://openalex.org/W1979339361","https://openalex.org/W1982209341","https://openalex.org/W1991135461","https://openalex.org/W1998391547","https://openalex.org/W2004211009","https://openalex.org/W2019337445","https://openalex.org/W2036043678","https://openalex.org/W2042883034","https://openalex.org/W2046331708","https://openalex.org/W2054831469","https://openalex.org/W2061272711","https://openalex.org/W2078065374","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2091392926","https://openalex.org/W2095252718","https://openalex.org/W2097368385","https://openalex.org/W2100540864","https://openalex.org/W2103274608","https://openalex.org/W2106852298","https://openalex.org/W2107227001","https://openalex.org/W2108364340","https://openalex.org/W2112606109","https://openalex.org/W2112884778","https://openalex.org/W2114484755","https://openalex.org/W2115703511","https://openalex.org/W2116521647","https://openalex.org/W2118392996","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2125320497","https://openalex.org/W2128154306","https://openalex.org/W2129622867","https://openalex.org/W2133197980","https://openalex.org/W2136666231","https://openalex.org/W2145131129","https://openalex.org/W2145947508","https://openalex.org/W2152472358","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2163487272","https://openalex.org/W2165043427","https://openalex.org/W2183198701","https://openalex.org/W4243704736","https://openalex.org/W6631333944","https://openalex.org/W6638701271","https://openalex.org/W6639462251","https://openalex.org/W6677656871","https://openalex.org/W6684157366","https://openalex.org/W6684314024","https://openalex.org/W6685928903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W2985118265","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W1505272346","https://openalex.org/W325114128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"face":[1,22,28,47,62,84,124,150,163,168,207],"recognition":[2,23],"is":[3,133,146],"now":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6,50,134],"in":[7,153,229,238,245],"applications":[8],"ranging":[9],"from":[10],"deduplication":[11],"of":[12,16,21,43,61,117,186],"identity":[13],"to":[14,51,54,107,135,148],"authentication":[15],"mobile":[17,167,175],"payment.":[18],"This":[19],"popularity":[20],"has":[24,72],"raised":[25],"concerns":[26],"about":[27],"spoof":[29,63,85,125,141,151,164,187,208,230,242],"attacks":[30,126,188],"(also":[31],"known":[32],"as":[33],"biometric":[34],"sensor":[35],"presentation":[36],"attacks),":[37],"where":[38],"a":[39,59,156,162],"photo":[40,129],"or":[41,56],"video":[42,192,198],"an":[44,79],"authorized":[45],"person's":[46],"could":[48],"be":[49],"gain":[52],"access":[53],"facilities":[55],"services.":[57],"While":[58],"number":[60],"detection":[64,86,152],"techniques":[65],"have":[66],"been":[67,74],"proposed,":[68],"their":[69],"generalization":[70],"ability":[71],"not":[73],"adequately":[75],"addressed.":[76],"We":[77,159],"propose":[78],"efficient":[80],"and":[81,102,130,140,180,196,212,215,241,247],"rather":[82],"robust":[83],"algorithm":[87],"based":[88],"on":[89,204],"image":[90],"distortion":[91],"analysis":[92],"(IDA).":[93],"Four":[94],"different":[95,123],"features":[96],"(specular":[97],"reflection,":[98],"blurriness,":[99],"chromatic":[100],"moment,":[101],"color":[103],"diversity)":[104],"are":[105],"extracted":[106],"form":[108],"the":[109,216,222,226,236],"IDA":[110],"feature":[111],"vector.":[112],"An":[113],"ensemble":[114],"classifier,":[115],"consisting":[116],"multiple":[118],"SVM":[119],"classifiers":[120],"trained":[121],"for":[122],"(e.g.,":[127],"printed":[128],"replayed":[131,191,197],"video),":[132],"distinguish":[136],"between":[137],"genuine":[138,240],"(live)":[139],"faces.":[142],"The":[143],"proposed":[144,223],"approach":[145,224],"extended":[147],"multiframe":[149],"videos":[154],"using":[155,173],"voting-based":[157],"scheme.":[158],"also":[160,234],"collect":[161],"database,":[165],"MSU":[166,217],"spoofing":[169],"database":[170,219],"(MSU":[171],"MFSD),":[172],"two":[174,205],"devices":[176],"(Google":[177],"Nexus":[178],"5":[179],"MacBook":[181],"Air)":[182],"with":[183,193,199],"three":[184],"types":[185],"(printed":[189],"photo,":[190],"iPhone":[194],"5S,":[195],"iPad":[200],"Air).":[201],"Experimental":[202],"results":[203,233],"public-domain":[206],"databases":[209],"(Idiap":[210],"REPLAY-ATTACK":[211],"CASIA":[213],"FASD),":[214],"MFSD":[218],"show":[220],"that":[221],"outperforms":[225],"state-of-the-art":[227],"methods":[228],"detection.":[231],"Our":[232],"highlight":[235],"difficulty":[237],"separating":[239],"faces,":[243],"especially":[244],"cross-database":[246],"cross-device":[248],"scenarios.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":93},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":128},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":119},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":105},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":119},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
