{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014883954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2398815","title":"Pupil Dynamics for Iris Liveness Detection","display_name":"Pupil Dynamics for Iris Liveness Detection","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014883954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2398815","mag":"2014883954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2015.2398815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2398815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067121774","display_name":"Adam Czajka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-2533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136276","display_name":"NASK National Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ajsaw82","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136276"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam Czajka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Nowowiejska 15/19, Warsaw, Poland","Research and Academic Computer Network - research institute (NASK), ul. Wawozowa 18, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Nowowiejska 15/19, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Academic Computer Network - research institute (NASK), ul. Wawozowa 18, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136276"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067121774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487","https://openalex.org/I4210136276"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.8852,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":102,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99018872,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"726","last_page":"735"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9351000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.9243970513343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.8001537322998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7767722606658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.6926783323287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.5359158515930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5292662382125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4978446960449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4488096237182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.3460046052932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20149216055870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.147051602602005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.101724773645401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.9243970513343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.8001537322998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7767722606658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.6926783323287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.5359158515930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5292662382125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4978446960449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4488096237182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.3460046052932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20149216055870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.147051602602005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.101724773645401}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2015.2398815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2398815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322637","display_name":"Politechnika Warszawska","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W865697964","https://openalex.org/W1507619770","https://openalex.org/W1534776754","https://openalex.org/W1570914614","https://openalex.org/W1584254286","https://openalex.org/W1977767406","https://openalex.org/W2004211009","https://openalex.org/W2011475289","https://openalex.org/W2032730676","https://openalex.org/W2047671678","https://openalex.org/W2073139509","https://openalex.org/W2122759487","https://openalex.org/W2123625324","https://openalex.org/W2127274336","https://openalex.org/W2139708355","https://openalex.org/W2150817856","https://openalex.org/W2151532442","https://openalex.org/W2151587461","https://openalex.org/W2162618862","https://openalex.org/W2169064741","https://openalex.org/W2171193634","https://openalex.org/W2535781533","https://openalex.org/W2541326295","https://openalex.org/W3108523402","https://openalex.org/W4239236075","https://openalex.org/W4247618650","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6678326819","https://openalex.org/W6685319427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965549351","https://openalex.org/W2150817856","https://openalex.org/W2162640687","https://openalex.org/W2018223046","https://openalex.org/W3034835805","https://openalex.org/W2759939383","https://openalex.org/W2294693339","https://openalex.org/W2355560018","https://openalex.org/W2147209541","https://openalex.org/W3012266169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,107],"primary":[1],"objective":[2],"of":[3,27,43,101,104,189],"this":[4,49,199],"paper":[5],"is":[6,114,140,157,168],"to":[7,40,59,116,147,178,191,228,244],"propose":[8],"a":[9,25,41,98,126,151,203,246],"complete":[10],"methodology":[11],"for":[12,72,206],"eye":[13,139],"liveness":[14],"detection":[15,30],"based":[16],"on":[17],"pupil":[18,61,92,111,231],"dynamics.":[19],"This":[20],"method":[21],"may":[22],"serve":[23],"as":[24,150],"component":[26],"presentation":[28,156],"attack":[29],"in":[31],"iris":[32,56,81],"recognition":[33],"systems,":[34],"making":[35],"them":[36],"more":[37],"secure.":[38],"Due":[39],"lack":[42],"public":[44],"databases":[45],"that":[46,198,235],"would":[47],"support":[48,175],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,121,170,209],"have":[52,210],"built":[53],"our":[54],"own":[55],"capture":[57],"device":[58],"register":[60],"size":[62],"changes":[63,149],"under":[64],"visible":[65,105],"light":[66,148],"stimuli,":[67],"and":[68,94,109,173,182,233],"registered":[69],"204":[70],"observations":[71],"26":[73],"subjects":[74],"(52":[75],"different":[76],"irides),":[77],"each":[78,123],"containing":[79],"750":[80],"images":[82],"taken":[83],"every":[84],"40":[85],"ms.":[86],"Each":[87],"measurement":[88],"registers":[89],"the":[90,102,135,138,155,187,207,223,230],"spontaneous":[91,183,219],"oscillations":[93],"its":[95],"reaction":[96,167,181],"after":[97],"sudden":[99],"increase":[100],"intensity":[103],"light.":[106],"Kohn":[108],"Clynes":[110],"dynamics":[112],"model":[113,131,229],"used":[115],"describe":[117],"these":[118],"changes;":[119],"hence":[120],"convert":[122],"observation":[124,225],"into":[125],"feature":[127],"space":[128],"defined":[129],"by":[130],"parameters.":[132],"To":[133],"answer":[134],"question":[136],"whether":[137],"alive":[141],"(that":[142,159],"is,":[143,160],"if":[144,161],"it":[145,162],"reacts":[146,163],"human":[152],"eye)":[153],"or":[154,165],"suspicious":[158],"oddly":[164],"no":[166],"observed),":[169],"use":[171],"linear":[172],"nonlinear":[174],"vector":[176],"machines":[177],"classify":[179],"natural":[180],"oscillations,":[184],"simultaneously":[185],"investigating":[186],"goodness":[188],"fit":[190],"reject":[192],"bad":[193],"modeling.":[194],"Our":[195],"experiments":[196],"show":[197],"approach":[200],"can":[201],"achieve":[202],"perfect":[204,247],"performance":[205],"data":[208],"collected.":[211],"All":[212],"normal":[213],"reactions":[214],"are":[215,242],"correctly":[216],"differentiated":[217],"from":[218],"oscillations.":[220],"We":[221],"investigated":[222],"shortest":[224],"time":[226,236],"required":[227],"reaction,":[232],"found":[234],"periods":[237],"not":[238],"exceeding":[239],"3":[240],"s":[241],"adequate":[243],"offer":[245],"performance.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
