{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014277868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2361936","title":"Learning Robust Face Representation With Classwise Block-Diagonal Structure","display_name":"Learning Robust Face Representation With Classwise Block-Diagonal Structure","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014277868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2361936","mag":"2014277868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2014.2361936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2361936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355406","display_name":"Yong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6521-5921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375136","display_name":"Jing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4690-1886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100511737","display_name":"Hanqing Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-3407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanqing Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101125070","display_name":"Songde Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songde Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91093245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"12","first_page":"2051","last_page":"2062"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.849189043045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7748551368713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7326787114143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6918524503707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6823251247406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal","display_name":"Diagonal","score":0.6772153377532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.6001840233802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5412044525146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5190725922584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5181947350502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.45039644837379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4214855432510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36143431067466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16359281539916992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.849189043045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7748551368713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7326787114143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6918524503707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6823251247406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.6772153377532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.6001840233802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5412044525146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5190725922584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5181947350502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45039644837379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4214855432510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36143431067466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16359281539916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2014.2361936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2361936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G139424286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014AA015104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","funder_display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1997794202","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u50cf\u68c0\u7d22\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61472422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G267313036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61332016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3439872296","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u6807\u6ce8\u4e0e\u6807\u7b7e\u63a8\u8350","funder_award_id":"61272329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33208438","https://openalex.org/W343811051","https://openalex.org/W1529297639","https://openalex.org/W1736339626","https://openalex.org/W1837223235","https://openalex.org/W1993962865","https://openalex.org/W1997201895","https://openalex.org/W2000355138","https://openalex.org/W2002574940","https://openalex.org/W2006219925","https://openalex.org/W2013015287","https://openalex.org/W2013712253","https://openalex.org/W2018759642","https://openalex.org/W2026348705","https://openalex.org/W2027922120","https://openalex.org/W2035746673","https://openalex.org/W2036070282","https://openalex.org/W2070959357","https://openalex.org/W2082855665","https://openalex.org/W2093922090","https://openalex.org/W2097018403","https://openalex.org/W2097622337","https://openalex.org/W2103560185","https://openalex.org/W2114113040","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2125874614","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2130951397","https://openalex.org/W2131628350","https://openalex.org/W2134789674","https://openalex.org/W2157785665","https://openalex.org/W2158844819","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2165916500","https://openalex.org/W2546325542","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W6601400089","https://openalex.org/W6611483728","https://openalex.org/W6631489762","https://openalex.org/W6635552349","https://openalex.org/W6638793058","https://openalex.org/W6651042577","https://openalex.org/W6653944615","https://openalex.org/W6657115420","https://openalex.org/W6659319144","https://openalex.org/W6674642818","https://openalex.org/W6675783759","https://openalex.org/W6679973066","https://openalex.org/W6929385289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W2000332559","https://openalex.org/W1959834984","https://openalex.org/W1580457994","https://openalex.org/W1973963881","https://openalex.org/W2379945344","https://openalex.org/W2112414222","https://openalex.org/W2912726270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"recognition":[1,63],"has":[2],"been":[3],"widely":[4],"studied":[5],"due":[6],"to":[7,66,86,121,136],"its":[8],"importance":[9],"in":[10,51],"various":[11],"applications.":[12],"However,":[13],"the":[14,52,68,72,81,93,98,123,138],"case":[15],"that":[16],"both":[17],"training":[18],"images":[19,22],"and":[20,58,115],"testing":[21],"are":[23,134],"corrupted":[24,126],"is":[25,64,84,152],"not":[26],"well":[27],"solved.":[28],"To":[29],"address":[30],"such":[31],"a":[32,37,56,76,113],"problem,":[33],"this":[34],"paper":[35],"proposes":[36],"semisupervised":[38],"learning":[39],"algorithm":[40],"for":[41,61],"robust":[42],"face":[43,62],"recognition.":[44],"In":[45],"particular,":[46],"we":[47,96],"consider":[48],"three":[49,131],"items":[50],"proposed":[53],"formulation.":[54],"First,":[55],"low-rank":[57],"sparse":[59],"representation":[60,83,148],"required":[65],"handle":[67,122],"possible":[69],"contamination":[70],"of":[71,80,125,140,147],"whole":[73],"data.":[74,127],"Second,":[75],"classwise":[77],"block-diagonal":[78,150],"structure":[79,94,151],"learned":[82],"expected":[85],"promote":[87],"discrimination":[88],"among":[89],"different":[90,101,106],"classes.":[91],"With":[92],"regularization,":[95],"make":[97],"samples":[99],"from":[100],"classes":[102],"be":[103,119],"reconstructed":[104],"with":[105,149],"bases":[107],"as":[108,110],"much":[109],"possible.":[111],"Third,":[112],"compact":[114],"discriminative":[116],"dictionary":[117],"should":[118],"learnt":[120],"problem":[124],"Extensive":[128],"experiments":[129],"on":[130],"public":[132],"databases":[133],"performed":[135],"validate":[137],"effectiveness":[139],"our":[141],"approach.":[142],"The":[143],"strong":[144],"identification":[145],"capability":[146],"verified.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}