{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028485035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2361479","title":"Investigating the Periocular-Based Face Recognition Across Gender Transformation","display_name":"Investigating the Periocular-Based Face Recognition Across Gender Transformation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028485035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2361479","mag":"2028485035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2014.2361479","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2361479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045887750","display_name":"Gayathri Mahalingam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-3572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153901656","display_name":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","ror":"https://ror.org/02t0qr014","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gayathri Mahalingam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Face Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA","Department of Computer ScienceFace Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-3572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Face Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer ScienceFace Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058706472","display_name":"Karl Ricanek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153901656","display_name":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","ror":"https://ror.org/02t0qr014","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Ricanek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Face Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA","Department of Computer ScienceFace Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Face Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer ScienceFace Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111987870","display_name":"A. Midori Albert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153901656","display_name":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","ror":"https://ror.org/02t0qr014","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Midori Albert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Face Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA","Department of Computer ScienceFace Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Face Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer ScienceFace Aging Group Research Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2138,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93644751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"12","first_page":"2180","last_page":"2192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.7953037619590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7474584579467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6231399178504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6105269193649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5809460878372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5043948888778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48472094535827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.4691915214061737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4620717167854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.42297637462615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1844615638256073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.7953037619590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7474584579467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6231399178504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6105269193649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5809460878372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5043948888778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48472094535827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4691915214061737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4620717167854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.42297637462615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1844615638256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2014.2361479","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2361479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184432828","https://openalex.org/W608504816","https://openalex.org/W1510355813","https://openalex.org/W1526697238","https://openalex.org/W1528304705","https://openalex.org/W1607985379","https://openalex.org/W1980732600","https://openalex.org/W1989999505","https://openalex.org/W1992573635","https://openalex.org/W1996765463","https://openalex.org/W2004126537","https://openalex.org/W2007519944","https://openalex.org/W2035003005","https://openalex.org/W2038789605","https://openalex.org/W2072662024","https://openalex.org/W2084481049","https://openalex.org/W2090993551","https://openalex.org/W2097290407","https://openalex.org/W2098017479","https://openalex.org/W2102933609","https://openalex.org/W2110905382","https://openalex.org/W2118508489","https://openalex.org/W2126972425","https://openalex.org/W2127691749","https://openalex.org/W2143016024","https://openalex.org/W2152690956","https://openalex.org/W2154463028","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2165335818","https://openalex.org/W2170496187","https://openalex.org/W2170595447","https://openalex.org/W2171517942","https://openalex.org/W2652751060","https://openalex.org/W4254026254","https://openalex.org/W6607549846","https://openalex.org/W6680912485","https://openalex.org/W6739509182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2581696209","https://openalex.org/W2020430625","https://openalex.org/W2044065526","https://openalex.org/W2955952267","https://openalex.org/W2058306460","https://openalex.org/W2076436625","https://openalex.org/W2083564146","https://openalex.org/W2542672976","https://openalex.org/W2049095871","https://openalex.org/W2148428954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,78,127],"paper":[1,79,128],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,45,122,189],"novel":[4],"face":[5,12,22,75,85,97,125,132,136,146,159,164,214,228],"recognition":[6],"problem":[7],"domain:":[8],"the":[9,61,70,74,82,96,118,145,151,181,185,192,197],"medically":[10],"altered":[11],"for":[13,41,242],"gender":[14,42,56],"transformation.":[15],"A":[16],"data":[17],"set":[18],"of":[19,33,47,63,73,84,124,144,170,191,196],">1.2":[20],"million":[21],"images":[23],"was":[24],"constructed":[25],"from":[26,30],"wild":[27],"videos":[28],"obtained":[29],"You":[31],"Tube":[32],"38":[34],"subjects":[35],"undergoing":[36],"hormone":[37,89,112],"replacement":[38],"therapy":[39],"(HRT)":[40],"transformation":[43,57],"over":[44],"period":[46],"several":[48],"months":[49],"to":[50,88,94,102,117,141,150],"three":[51],"years.":[52],"The":[53,154,210,224],"HRT":[54,152],"achieves":[55],"by":[58,234,240],"severely":[59],"altering":[60],"balance":[62],"sex":[64],"hormones,":[65],"which":[66],"causes":[67,114],"changes":[68,86,116],"in":[69,121,138],"physical":[71],"appearance":[72],"and":[76,91,98,130,172,219,236],"body.":[77],"explores":[80],"that":[81,147,157,188],"impact":[83],"due":[87],"manipulation":[90,113],"its":[92,100],"ability":[93,101],"disguise":[95,107],"hence,":[99],"effect":[103],"match":[104],"rates.":[105],"Face":[106],"is":[108],"achieved":[109],"organically":[110],"as":[111],"pathological":[115],"body":[119],"resulting":[120],"modification":[123],"appearance.":[126],"analyzes":[129],"evaluates":[131],"components":[133,160],"versus":[134],"full":[135,182,213],"algorithms":[137],"an":[139],"attempt":[140],"identify":[142],"regions":[143],"are":[148],"resilient":[149],"process.":[153],"experiments":[155,186],"reveal":[156,187],"periocular":[158,193],"using":[161,194],"simple":[162,198],"texture-based":[163,199],"matchers,":[165],"local":[166,174,202],"binary":[167,175,203],"patterns,":[168],"histogram":[169],"gradients,":[171],"patch-based":[173,227],"patterns":[176],"out":[177,205],"performs":[178,206],"matching":[179],"against":[180],"face.":[183],"Furthermore,":[184],"fusion":[190],"one":[195],"approaches":[200],"(patched-based":[201],"patterns)":[204],"two":[207],"Commercial":[208],"Off":[209],"Shelf":[211],"Systems":[212],"systems:":[215],"1)":[216],"PittPatt":[217,231],"SDK":[218,232],"2)":[220],"Cognetic":[221,237],"FaceVACs":[222],"v8.5.":[223],"evaluated":[225],"periocular-fused":[226],"matcher":[229],"outperforms":[230],"v5.2.2":[233],"76.83%":[235],"FaceVACS":[238],"v8.5":[239],"56.23%":[241],"rank-1":[243],"accuracy.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
