{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002138170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2352457","title":"Proof-Carrying Cloud Computation: The Case of Convex Optimization","display_name":"Proof-Carrying Cloud Computation: The Case of Convex Optimization","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002138170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2352457","mag":"2002138170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2014.2352457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2352457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054307848","display_name":"Zhen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-6352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390514","display_name":"Cong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-315X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000596496","display_name":"Kui Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3441-6277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100730397","display_name":"Lingyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7441-7541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","Concordia University, Montreal, QC (Canada)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, QC (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068527949","display_name":"Bingsheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2320-9582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingsheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","Dept. of Informatics & Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Informatics & Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054307848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0901,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94107093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"11","first_page":"1790","last_page":"1803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8458202481269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8032006025314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6042041778564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5990089774131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integrity","display_name":"Data integrity","score":0.4819919466972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.46434125304222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4351215064525604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2523077726364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12869292497634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09890612959861755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8458202481269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8032006025314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6042041778564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5990089774131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.4819919466972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46434125304222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4351215064525604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2523077726364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12869292497634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09890612959861755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2014.2352457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2014.2352457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7469032032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1262277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17533771","https://openalex.org/W49275929","https://openalex.org/W1506068270","https://openalex.org/W1507415131","https://openalex.org/W1511917306","https://openalex.org/W1559063645","https://openalex.org/W1884347414","https://openalex.org/W1903211804","https://openalex.org/W1975199330","https://openalex.org/W2003325966","https://openalex.org/W2011311335","https://openalex.org/W2034219630","https://openalex.org/W2068677961","https://openalex.org/W2079135578","https://openalex.org/W2088255299","https://openalex.org/W2092569137","https://openalex.org/W2095750723","https://openalex.org/W2107367810","https://openalex.org/W2123144030","https://openalex.org/W2136624667","https://openalex.org/W2145166073","https://openalex.org/W2145818182","https://openalex.org/W2149745530","https://openalex.org/W2151167752","https://openalex.org/W2153461402","https://openalex.org/W2170444562","https://openalex.org/W2275530856","https://openalex.org/W4242337769","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4291236916","https://openalex.org/W4298383117","https://openalex.org/W6600727489","https://openalex.org/W6630045404","https://openalex.org/W6630403445","https://openalex.org/W6630504906","https://openalex.org/W6643951788","https://openalex.org/W6650283179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521353230","https://openalex.org/W2391167130","https://openalex.org/W2531121997","https://openalex.org/W4242263690","https://openalex.org/W2092071486","https://openalex.org/W4283067488","https://openalex.org/W2055168471","https://openalex.org/W2995400176","https://openalex.org/W2586664332","https://openalex.org/W2475198316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"computing":[1],"offers":[2],"a":[3,70,77],"great":[4],"opportunity":[5],"to":[6,33,36,44,103,140],"bridge":[7],"the":[8,11,22,45,59,66,83,92,118,127,131,136,153,161,175,191,194],"gap":[9],"between":[10],"fast":[12],"growing":[13],"computation":[14,43,50,137],"needs":[15],"and":[16,25,54,73,134,156,169,193,197],"limited":[17],"local":[18],"resources.":[19],"However,":[20],"without":[21],"adequate":[23],"trust":[24],"strong":[26,183],"integrity":[27,62,84,106,143,184],"assurance,":[28],"it":[29],"would":[30],"be":[31],"difficult":[32],"expect":[34],"clients":[35],"completely":[37],"turn":[38],"over":[39],"control":[40],"of":[41,61,120,130],"their":[42],"cloud.":[46],"Hence,":[47],"securing":[48],"cloud":[49,79,162,177,195],"becomes":[51],"an":[52],"imperative":[53],"challenging":[55],"task,":[56],"especially":[57],"in":[58,201],"aspect":[60],"verification.":[63,144],"To":[64],"address":[65],"challenge,":[67],"we":[68,125],"propose":[69],"hassle-free,":[71],"fixed-rate,":[72],"job-based":[74],"software":[75],"as":[76],"service":[78],"model":[80],"along":[81],"with":[82,87,186],"verification":[85,107],"mechanisms,":[86],"particular":[88],"focus":[89],"on":[90,152,160,189],"outsourcing":[91,138],"widely":[93],"applicable":[94,200],"engineering":[95],"optimization":[96,132],"problem,":[97],"i.e.,":[98],"convex":[99],"optimization.":[100],"We":[101,164],"aim":[102],"construct":[104],"efficient":[105,142],"mechanisms":[108,181],"using":[109],"application-specific":[110],"techniques.":[111],"Our":[112],"security":[113],"design":[114,147],"does":[115],"not":[116],"require":[117],"use":[119],"heavy":[121],"cryptographic":[122],"tools.":[123],"Instead,":[124],"leverage":[126],"inherent":[128],"structure":[129],"problems":[133],"make":[135],"proof-carrying":[139],"achieve":[141],"The":[145,171],"proposed":[146],"provides":[148],"substantial":[149],"computational":[150],"savings":[151],"client":[154,192],"side":[155],"introduces":[157],"marginal":[158],"overhead":[159],"side.":[163],"further":[165],"prove":[166],"its":[167],"correctness":[168],"soundness.":[170],"extensive":[172],"experiments":[173],"under":[174],"real":[176],"environment":[178],"show":[179],"our":[180],"ensure":[182],"assurance":[185],"high":[187],"efficiency":[188],"both":[190],"sides":[196],"are":[198],"readily":[199],"current":[202],"practice.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}