{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973629749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2273394","title":"Robust Median Filtering Forensics Using an Autoregressive Model","display_name":"Robust Median Filtering Forensics Using an Autoregressive Model","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973629749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2273394","mag":"1973629749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2013.2273394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2273394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077333494","display_name":"Xiangui Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-0353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangui Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, US","Dept of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023433042","display_name":"Matthew C. Stamm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-4039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew C. Stamm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","School of Information Science and Technology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014092332","display_name":"Anjie Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-7536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjie Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","Dept of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032395820","display_name":"K. J. Ray Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-5811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. J. Ray Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","School of Information Science and Technology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077333494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":225,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98717417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"9","first_page":"1456","last_page":"1468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8117758631706238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-model","display_name":"Autoregressive model","score":0.6576120853424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6364707350730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-filter","display_name":"Median filter","score":0.5975604057312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5857284069061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-editing","display_name":"Image editing","score":0.5340501070022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5164875984191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4584794044494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4499014616012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-forensics","display_name":"Digital forensics","score":0.4469887614250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4324095547199249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg","display_name":"JPEG","score":0.4231036901473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3020918071269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17178478837013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16740161180496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1275607943534851}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8117758631706238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.6576120853424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6364707350730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55352655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304247","display_name":"Median filter","level":4,"score":0.5975604057312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5857284069061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545981","display_name":"Image editing","level":3,"score":0.5340501070022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5164875984191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4584794044494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4499014616012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.4469887614250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4324095547199249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.4231036901473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3020918071269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17178478837013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16740161180496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1275607943534851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2013.2273394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2273394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.645.3503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.645.3503","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sig.umd.edu/publications/Kang_APSIPA_2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546154723","https://openalex.org/W1597732836","https://openalex.org/W2019716459","https://openalex.org/W2031466562","https://openalex.org/W2049771774","https://openalex.org/W2069759906","https://openalex.org/W2084641094","https://openalex.org/W2096933452","https://openalex.org/W2106524641","https://openalex.org/W2106663508","https://openalex.org/W2107461197","https://openalex.org/W2111374353","https://openalex.org/W2121029817","https://openalex.org/W2133436437","https://openalex.org/W2136313643","https://openalex.org/W2147386143","https://openalex.org/W2148610715","https://openalex.org/W2148685281","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155084545","https://openalex.org/W2155180118","https://openalex.org/W2158071928","https://openalex.org/W2159244236","https://openalex.org/W2160921722","https://openalex.org/W4255023712","https://openalex.org/W6632784814","https://openalex.org/W6679749329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322741006","https://openalex.org/W2150410159","https://openalex.org/W1972271943","https://openalex.org/W3150905897","https://openalex.org/W4327525404","https://openalex.org/W4287185323","https://openalex.org/W2099889858","https://openalex.org/W2171218219","https://openalex.org/W2125065834","https://openalex.org/W2101497104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,81],"order":[1],"to":[2,16,135],"verify":[3],"the":[4,61,76,97,101,110,126,130,143,154],"authenticity":[5],"of":[6,60,100,122,129,156,166,194],"digital":[7,13],"images,":[8],"researchers":[9],"have":[10,38],"begun":[11],"developing":[12],"forensic":[14,91,174],"techniques":[15,37,50,162],"identify":[17],"image":[18,62,77,114],"editing.":[19],"One":[20],"editing":[21],"operation":[22],"that":[23,171],"has":[24],"recently":[25,39],"received":[26],"increased":[27],"attention":[28],"is":[29,44,63,66],"median":[30,34,89,102,119,149,159],"filtering.":[31],"While":[32],"several":[33],"filtering":[35,70,90],"detection":[36,161],"been":[40],"developed,":[41],"their":[42],"performance":[43,55,179],"degraded":[45],"by":[46,95],"JPEG":[47],"compression.":[48],"These":[49,168],"suffer":[51],"similar":[52],"degradations":[53],"in":[54,68,115],"when":[56],"a":[57,79,86,118,164,190],"small":[58,192],"window":[59],"analyzed,":[64],"as":[65,78,109,146],"done":[67],"localized":[69],"or":[71],"cut-and-paste":[72],"detection,":[73],"rather":[74],"than":[75],"whole.":[80],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"we":[84,107,132],"propose":[85],"new,":[87],"robust":[88],"technique.":[92],"It":[93],"operates":[94],"analyzing":[96],"statistical":[98,127],"properties":[99,128],"filter":[103,150,160],"residual":[104],"(MFR),":[105],"which":[106],"define":[108],"difference":[111],"between":[112],"an":[113,136],"question":[116],"and":[117],"filtered":[120],"version":[121],"itself.":[123],"To":[124],"capture":[125],"MFR,":[131],"fit":[133],"it":[134],"autoregressive":[137],"(AR)":[138],"model.":[139],"We":[140,152],"then":[141],"use":[142],"AR":[144],"coefficients":[145],"features":[147],"for":[148],"detection.":[151],"test":[153],"effectiveness":[155],"our":[157,172],"proposed":[158,173],"through":[163],"series":[165],"experiments.":[167],"results":[169],"show":[170],"technique":[175],"can":[176],"achieve":[177],"important":[178],"gains":[180],"over":[181],"existing":[182],"methods,":[183],"particularly":[184],"at":[185],"low":[186],"false-positive":[187],"rates,":[188],"with":[189],"very":[191],"dimension":[193],"features.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
