{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1974621723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2266095","title":"Monitoring Integrity Using Limited Local Memory","display_name":"Monitoring Integrity Using Limited Local Memory","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1974621723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2266095","mag":"1974621723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2013.2266095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2266095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066885829","display_name":"Yuki Kinebuchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Y. Kinebuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda Daigaku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, JP"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda Daigaku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, JP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112582003","display_name":"Sheeza butt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Butt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003010093","display_name":"Vinod Ganapathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3001-0800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Ganapathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083907939","display_name":"Liviu Iftode","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Iftode","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040106624","display_name":"Tatsuo Nakajima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5116-2128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Nakajima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed and Ubiquitous Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed and Ubiquitous Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066885829"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4481,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94167231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"7","first_page":"1230","last_page":"1242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8788490295410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rootkit","display_name":"Rootkit","score":0.7221460342407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.6473132371902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6036714911460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5150387287139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-computing-base","display_name":"Trusted computing base","score":0.5104554891586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.47844198346138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.47571927309036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-protection","display_name":"Memory protection","score":0.47095543146133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-address","display_name":"Physical address","score":0.46711668372154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4200895428657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.4132033586502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-memory","display_name":"Virtual memory","score":0.38488665223121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.28888654708862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.2610355615615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.14360177516937256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8788490295410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14645","display_name":"Rootkit","level":3,"score":0.7221460342407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.6473132371902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6036714911460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5150387287139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147346212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5492632","display_name":"Trusted computing base","level":4,"score":0.5104554891586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.47844198346138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.47571927309036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18131444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163585","display_name":"Memory protection","level":5,"score":0.47095543146133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41036726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844824","display_name":"Physical address","level":3,"score":0.46711668372154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4200895428657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.4132033586502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76399640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189401","display_name":"Virtual memory","level":4,"score":0.38488665223121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.28888654708862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.2610355615615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.14360177516937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2013.2266095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2266095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.250.5794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.250.5794","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/%7Evinodg/papers/tifs201x/tifs-llm.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.303.4934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.303.4934","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/%7Evinodg/papers/tifs201x/tifs-llm.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.642.6730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.642.6730","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~iftode/tifs2013.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94181602","https://openalex.org/W161166442","https://openalex.org/W161931246","https://openalex.org/W182734301","https://openalex.org/W191839766","https://openalex.org/W1513211898","https://openalex.org/W1536890913","https://openalex.org/W1546317334","https://openalex.org/W1641762327","https://openalex.org/W1813040609","https://openalex.org/W1816130922","https://openalex.org/W2029224396","https://openalex.org/W2050924894","https://openalex.org/W2054840305","https://openalex.org/W2072633121","https://openalex.org/W2095815983","https://openalex.org/W2100678175","https://openalex.org/W2106132813","https://openalex.org/W2106869436","https://openalex.org/W2107776555","https://openalex.org/W2112731379","https://openalex.org/W2117882778","https://openalex.org/W2122097147","https://openalex.org/W2126220112","https://openalex.org/W2128159601","https://openalex.org/W2133592286","https://openalex.org/W2135359801","https://openalex.org/W2135974246","https://openalex.org/W2136310957","https://openalex.org/W2140678915","https://openalex.org/W2146431583","https://openalex.org/W2149590159","https://openalex.org/W2152507484","https://openalex.org/W2160291477","https://openalex.org/W2167804035","https://openalex.org/W2403154275","https://openalex.org/W3145162387","https://openalex.org/W4241166746","https://openalex.org/W6603860816","https://openalex.org/W6606533738","https://openalex.org/W6606620872","https://openalex.org/W6607492917","https://openalex.org/W6632599652","https://openalex.org/W6637110787","https://openalex.org/W6674519471","https://openalex.org/W6676844517","https://openalex.org/W6681617088","https://openalex.org/W6713617066"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138847","https://openalex.org/W2501039532","https://openalex.org/W2484072889","https://openalex.org/W2033239416","https://openalex.org/W2953954757","https://openalex.org/W261562921","https://openalex.org/W4243333834","https://openalex.org/W4243164802","https://openalex.org/W2185582414","https://openalex.org/W1974621723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"System":[0],"integrity":[1,38,106],"monitors,":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4],"rootkit":[5,169,179],"detectors,":[6],"rely":[7,40],"critically":[8],"on":[9,41],"the":[10,52,58,134,137,161,173,191],"ability":[11],"to":[12,44,77,96,118,125,148],"fetch":[13],"and":[14,19],"inspect":[15,183],"pages":[16],"containing":[17],"code":[18,72],"data":[20],"of":[21,57,136,163,176,193],"a":[22,47,84,126,142,150,168,184],"target":[23,185],"system":[24,37,105,187],"under":[25],"study.":[26],"To":[27],"avoid":[28],"being":[29],"infected":[30],"by":[31,166],"malicious":[32],"or":[33],"compromised":[34],"targets,":[35],"state-of-the-art":[36],"monitors":[39,66],"virtualization":[42,53],"technology":[43],"set":[45,97],"up":[46,98],"tamper-proof":[48,101,151],"execution":[49,102,152],"environment.":[50],"Consequently,":[51],"infrastructure":[54],"is":[55],"part":[56],"trusted":[59],"computing":[60],"base.":[61],"However,":[62],"modern":[63],"virtual":[64],"machine":[65,86],"are":[67,75],"complex":[68],"entities,":[69],"with":[70,123,141],"large":[71],"bases":[73],"that":[74,133,171],"difficult":[76],"verify.":[78],"In":[79],"this":[80,164],"paper,":[81],"we":[82,94],"present":[83],"new":[85],"architecture":[87,109,165],"called":[88],"limited":[89],"local":[90],"memory":[91,129],"(LLM),":[92],"which":[93],"use":[95],"an":[99],"alternative":[100],"environment":[103,153],"for":[104,156],"monitors.":[107],"This":[108,178],"builds":[110],"upon":[111],"recent":[112],"trends":[113],"in":[114],"multicore":[115],"chip":[116],"design":[117],"equip":[119],"each":[120],"processing":[121],"core":[122],"access":[124],"small,":[127],"private":[128],"area.":[130],"We":[131,159],"show":[132],"features":[135,175],"LLM":[138],"architecture,":[139],"combined":[140],"novel":[143],"secure":[144],"paging":[145],"mechanism,":[146],"suffice":[147],"bootstrap":[149],"without":[154,188],"support":[155],"hardware":[157],"virtualization.":[158],"demonstrate":[160],"utility":[162],"building":[167],"detector":[170,180],"leverages":[172],"key":[174],"LLM.":[177],"can":[181],"safely":[182],"operating":[186],"itself":[189],"becoming":[190],"victim":[192],"infection.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
