{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985184987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2259234","title":"A Formal Usability Constraints Model for Watermarking of Outsourced Datasets","display_name":"A Formal Usability Constraints Model for Watermarking of Outsourced Datasets","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985184987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2259234","mag":"1985184987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2013.2259234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2259234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014191046","display_name":"Muhammad Kamran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kamran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deparment of Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah Cantt, Pakistan","National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah Cantt, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052791434","display_name":"Muhammad Shoaib Farooq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-2646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2638,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92908064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"1061","last_page":"1072"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8608576059341431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.7762367129325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.7635135650634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.6806429624557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.572826623916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5518718361854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.483221173286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.43040311336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.42967310547828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.4281269311904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42128628492355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39280393719673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32997995615005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3192751705646515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.1914461851119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16607621312141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.09416207671165466}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8608576059341431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.7762367129325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.7635135650634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.6806429624557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.572826623916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5518718361854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.483221173286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.43040311336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.42967310547828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.4281269311904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42128628492355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39280393719673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32997995615005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3192751705646515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.1914461851119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16607621312141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.09416207671165466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2013.2259234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2013.2259234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605292408","https://openalex.org/W1982087768","https://openalex.org/W2039690308","https://openalex.org/W2091891040","https://openalex.org/W2100913369","https://openalex.org/W2133531446","https://openalex.org/W2136078037","https://openalex.org/W2143965196","https://openalex.org/W2165069015","https://openalex.org/W2797937785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288","https://openalex.org/W2183032046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67,105,135],"large":[1],"datasets":[2,63,76,150,221],"are":[3],"being":[4],"mined":[5],"to":[6,79,90,100,121,187,222,230],"extract":[7],"hidden":[8],"knowledge":[9,81,127,197],"and":[10,20,46,145,167,178,227,232],"patterns":[11],"that":[12,116,151,189],"assist":[13],"decision":[14],"makers":[15],"in":[16,23,71,82,129,199],"making":[17],"effective,":[18],"efficient,":[19],"timely":[21],"decisions":[22],"an":[24,87,132,153],"ever":[25],"increasing":[26],"competitive":[27],"world.":[28],"This":[29],"type":[30,97],"of":[31,98,108,142,149,160],"\u201cknowledge-driven\u201d":[32],"data":[33,47,119],"mining":[34,48,158],"activity":[35],"is":[36,64,111],"not":[37,193],"possible":[38],"without":[39],"sharing":[40],"the":[41,62,102,126,130,157,190,196,228],"\u201cdatasets\u201d":[42],"between":[43],"their":[44],"owners":[45],"experts":[49],"(or":[50],"corporations);":[51],"as":[52,162],"a":[53,59,112,118,163,182,200],"consequence,":[54],"protecting":[55],"ownership":[56],"(by":[57],"embedding":[58,185],"watermark)":[60],"on":[61,217],"becoming":[65],"relevant.":[66],"most":[68],"important":[69,154],"challenge":[70],"watermarking":[72],"(to":[73],"be":[74],"mined)":[75],"is:":[77],"how":[78],"preserve":[80,101,125],"features":[83],"or":[84],"attributes?":[85],"Usually,":[86],"owner":[88,120],"needs":[89],"manually":[91],"define":[92,122],"\u201cUsability":[93],"constraints\u201d":[94],"for":[95],"each":[96,143],"dataset":[99,201],"contained":[103,128,198],"knowledge.":[104],"major":[106,147],"contribution":[107],"this":[109],"paper":[110],"novel":[113],"formal":[114],"model":[115,136,177,216],"facilitates":[117],"usability":[123],"constraints-to":[124],"dataset-in":[131],"automated":[133],"fashion.":[134],"aims":[137],"at":[138],"preserving":[139],"\u201cclassification":[140],"potential\u201d":[141],"feature":[144],"other":[146],"characteristics":[148],"play":[152],"role":[155],"during":[156],"process":[159],"data;":[161],"result,":[164],"learning":[165],"statistics":[166],"decision-making":[168],"rules":[169],"also":[170,203],"remain":[171],"intact.":[172],"We":[173,212],"have":[174,213],"implemented":[175],"our":[176,215],"integrated":[179],"it":[180],"with":[181,209],"new":[183],"watermark":[184,192,206],"algorithm":[186],"prove":[188],"inserted":[191],"only":[194],"preserves":[195],"but":[202],"significantly":[204],"enhances":[205],"security":[207],"compared":[208],"existing":[210],"techniques.":[211],"tested":[214],"25":[218],"different":[219],"data-mining":[220],"show":[223],"its":[224],"efficacy,":[225],"effectiveness,":[226],"ability":[229],"adapt":[231],"generalize.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}