{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973956822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2206385","title":"Exploiting Channel Diversity in Secret Key Generation From Multipath Fading Randomness","display_name":"Exploiting Channel Diversity in Secret Key Generation From Multipath Fading Randomness","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973956822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2206385","mag":"1973956822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2206385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2206385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1107.3534","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yanpei Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanpei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stark C. Draper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stark C. Draper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Akbar M. Sayeed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akbar M. Sayeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8325,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9327616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":"1484","last_page":"1497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.6624000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5853000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.5837000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.555400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.548799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.4587000012397766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8170999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.6624000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5853000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.5837000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.555400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.548799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4609000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198746922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230593","display_name":"Diversity scheme","level":4,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50230483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2108226","display_name":"Pre-shared key","level":5,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136817519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947493","display_name":"Diversity combining","level":4,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149862233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864142","display_name":"Binary erasure channel","level":4,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2206385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2206385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1107.3534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3534","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1107.3534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1107.3534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3534","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1107.3534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993074620","https://openalex.org/W1996403876","https://openalex.org/W2011582944","https://openalex.org/W2019138128","https://openalex.org/W2019258915","https://openalex.org/W2054496355","https://openalex.org/W2085428487","https://openalex.org/W2096052284","https://openalex.org/W2099213070","https://openalex.org/W2106711692","https://openalex.org/W2106833918","https://openalex.org/W2108777864","https://openalex.org/W2112116521","https://openalex.org/W2115735006","https://openalex.org/W2116485279","https://openalex.org/W2119508754","https://openalex.org/W2122988249","https://openalex.org/W2125123536","https://openalex.org/W2126975908","https://openalex.org/W2127490352","https://openalex.org/W2131580663","https://openalex.org/W2131793795","https://openalex.org/W2135895052","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2138009247","https://openalex.org/W2141954204","https://openalex.org/W2144007657","https://openalex.org/W2144381048","https://openalex.org/W2146080444","https://openalex.org/W2149808502","https://openalex.org/W2149946046","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2159247478","https://openalex.org/W2161081468","https://openalex.org/W4293702014","https://openalex.org/W6642635741","https://openalex.org/W6679548882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042241840","https://openalex.org/W2131380032","https://openalex.org/W2186069556","https://openalex.org/W2034395075","https://openalex.org/W2322059061","https://openalex.org/W2146175193","https://openalex.org/W2295866791","https://openalex.org/W2783348440","https://openalex.org/W1572437949","https://openalex.org/W2110409016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,17,37,114],"design":[1,129],"and":[2,27,51,99,126,130,141],"analyze":[3],"a":[4,19,23,116],"method":[5],"to":[6,14,65,75,104],"extract":[7],"secret":[8,34,111],"keys":[9],"from":[10,73],"the":[11,29,39,58,66,69,77,110,128,142],"randomness":[12],"inherent":[13],"wireless":[15,25],"channels.":[16],"study":[18],"channel":[20,26,30,47,54,97],"model":[21],"for":[22],"multipath":[24],"exploit":[28],"diversity":[31,98],"in":[32,68],"generating":[33],"key":[35,40,80,112,117],"bits.":[36],"compare":[38],"extraction":[41,81],"methods":[42],"based":[43,82,90,120,136,149],"both":[44],"on":[45,52,83,91,121,137,150],"entire":[46],"state":[48],"information":[49,102],"(CSI)":[50],"single":[53],"parameter":[55],"such":[56],"as":[57],"received":[59],"signal":[60],"strength":[61],"indicators":[62],"(RSSI).":[63],"Due":[64],"reduction":[67],"degree-of-freedom":[70],"when":[71],"going":[72],"CSI":[74,84,101],"RSSI,":[76],"rate":[78],"of":[79,132],"is":[85],"far":[86],"higher":[87,105,146],"than":[88],"that":[89,95],"RSSI.":[92],"This":[93],"suggests":[94],"exploiting":[96],"making":[100],"available":[103],"layers":[106],"would":[107],"greatly":[108],"benefit":[109],"generation.":[113],"propose":[115],"generation":[118],"system":[119],"low-density":[122],"parity-check":[123],"(LDPC)":[124],"codes":[125,140],"describe":[127],"performance":[131],"two":[133],"systems:":[134],"one":[135],"binary":[138],"LDPC":[139,152],"other":[143],"(useful":[144],"at":[145],"signal-to-noise":[147],"ratios)":[148],"four-ary":[151],"codes.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}