{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147825527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2199312","title":"An Improved Multiplicative Spread Spectrum Embedding Scheme for Data Hiding","display_name":"An Improved Multiplicative Spread Spectrum Embedding Scheme for Data Hiding","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147825527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2199312","mag":"2147825527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2199312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2199312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023498310","display_name":"Amir Valizadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5983-8527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Valizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051587486","display_name":"Z. Jane Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-0249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Jane Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96812646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"1127","last_page":"1143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.7320274114608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.6267976760864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.621723473072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.5355249643325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.5306320190429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5280478596687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.4637719988822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.43143588304519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplicative-function","display_name":"Multiplicative function","score":0.42754656076431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.3974774181842804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3099718689918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2827532887458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19382166862487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09005868434906006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.7320274114608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.6267976760864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.621723473072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.5355249643325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.5306320190429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5280478596687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.4637719988822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.43143588304519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42747912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048447","display_name":"Multiplicative function","level":2,"score":0.42754656076431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.3974774181842804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3099718689918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2827532887458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19382166862487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09005868434906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2199312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2199312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971689173","https://openalex.org/W1984831369","https://openalex.org/W2000061176","https://openalex.org/W2036488048","https://openalex.org/W2041007040","https://openalex.org/W2046245205","https://openalex.org/W2049099172","https://openalex.org/W2082205488","https://openalex.org/W2092368531","https://openalex.org/W2104307456","https://openalex.org/W2107465879","https://openalex.org/W2109830848","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2120990108","https://openalex.org/W2124355377","https://openalex.org/W2126270135","https://openalex.org/W2127915997","https://openalex.org/W2128124698","https://openalex.org/W2129686661","https://openalex.org/W2132712171","https://openalex.org/W2134974095","https://openalex.org/W2140129132","https://openalex.org/W2140432907","https://openalex.org/W2147015321","https://openalex.org/W2150318848","https://openalex.org/W2160921333","https://openalex.org/W2164978881","https://openalex.org/W2252282072","https://openalex.org/W2478708596","https://openalex.org/W2626219245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"improved":[4],"multiplicative":[5,23],"spread":[6,24],"spectrum":[7,25],"(IMSS)":[8],"embedding":[9,95],"scheme":[10,27,77,159],"for":[11,126],"data":[12,157],"hiding.":[13],"We":[14,105,128],"first":[15],"analyze":[16,130],"the":[17,21,30,41,45,49,55,60,64,71,74,80,83,87,91,96,101,112,116,131,139,151,154,161],"error":[18],"probability":[19],"of":[20,44,134,141,153],"conventional":[22,162],"(MSS)":[26],"and":[28,34,52,63,86,90,120,136,146],"derive":[29],"corresponding":[31],"channel":[32],"capacity":[33],"security":[35],"level.":[36],"It":[37],"is":[38],"noted":[39],"that":[40],"interference":[42,103],"effect":[43],"host":[46,61,84,102],"signal":[47,62,85,89],"causes":[48],"distribution":[50],"leakage":[51],"contributes":[53],"to":[54,99],"decoding":[56,132],"performance":[57],"degradation.":[58],"Since":[59],"decoder":[65,92,118],"structure":[66,93,119],"information":[67,98,125],"are":[68],"available":[69],"at":[70],"encoder":[72],"side,":[73],"proposed":[75,113,155],"IMSS":[76,114,137,156],"exploits":[78],"both":[79],"correlation":[81],"between":[82],"watermark":[88],"in":[94,138],"bit":[97],"reduce":[100],"effect.":[104],"can":[106],"show":[107],"that,":[108],"compared":[109],"with":[110],"MSS,":[111],"maintains":[115],"simple":[117],"does":[121],"not":[122],"require":[123],"additional":[124,142],"decoding.":[127],"also":[129],"performances":[133],"MSS":[135,163],"presence":[140],"Gaussian":[143],"noise.":[144],"Simulation":[145],"real":[147],"image":[148],"results":[149],"illustrate":[150],"superiority":[152],"hiding":[158],"over":[160],"scheme.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
