{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984898509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2195174","title":"Design and Validation of Arbiter-Based PUFs for Sub-45-nm Low-Power Security Applications","display_name":"Design and Validation of Arbiter-Based PUFs for Sub-45-nm Low-Power Security Applications","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984898509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2195174","mag":"1984898509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2195174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2195174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053653686","display_name":"Lang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7432-6722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Hudson, MA, USA","[Intel Corporation, Hudson, MA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Hudson, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Intel Corporation, Hudson, MA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035303277","display_name":"Sudheendra Srivathsa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129961","display_name":"IBM (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/034ahpr11","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210129961"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudheendra Srivathsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems and Technology Group, IBM, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","IBM Syst. & Technol. Group, Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems and Technology Group, IBM, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Syst. & Technol. Group, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082892031","display_name":"Dilip Kumar Krishnappa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilip Kumar Krishnappa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073671835","display_name":"Prasad Shabadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasad Shabadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033415719","display_name":"Wayne Burleson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7068-4351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne Burleson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6348,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94882946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"1394","last_page":"1403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbiter","display_name":"Arbiter","score":0.9339317083358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7564318776130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.5781911611557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.5326767563819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.500666618347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4510872960090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3766806721687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3676879405975342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3528199791908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.284586101770401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.28186774253845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14430230855941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12741291522979736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779971761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629872","display_name":"Arbiter","level":2,"score":0.9339317083358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7564318776130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.5781911611557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.5326767563819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.500666618347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4510872960090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3766806721687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3676879405975342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3528199791908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.284586101770401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.28186774253845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14430230855941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12741291522979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2195174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2195174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25365497","https://openalex.org/W124944822","https://openalex.org/W1515671919","https://openalex.org/W1540550673","https://openalex.org/W1562669673","https://openalex.org/W1963105592","https://openalex.org/W1967171495","https://openalex.org/W1995871244","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2042526156","https://openalex.org/W2053832511","https://openalex.org/W2069345435","https://openalex.org/W2080284304","https://openalex.org/W2097077608","https://openalex.org/W2106409910","https://openalex.org/W2110062156","https://openalex.org/W2112995947","https://openalex.org/W2113322447","https://openalex.org/W2116359098","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2116405784","https://openalex.org/W2123482651","https://openalex.org/W2129004891","https://openalex.org/W2130351941","https://openalex.org/W2151759197","https://openalex.org/W2153885989","https://openalex.org/W2166936511","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2169298199","https://openalex.org/W2171762889","https://openalex.org/W3147945423","https://openalex.org/W4232569293","https://openalex.org/W6601023945","https://openalex.org/W6630771808","https://openalex.org/W6640822877","https://openalex.org/W6675797392","https://openalex.org/W6679357471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3007162371","https://openalex.org/W4211236262","https://openalex.org/W2806684872","https://openalex.org/W2787752683","https://openalex.org/W3212476763","https://openalex.org/W4362514758","https://openalex.org/W3139471000","https://openalex.org/W4386278306","https://openalex.org/W2971643716","https://openalex.org/W2922740257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Harnessing":[0],"unique":[1],"physical":[2],"properties":[3],"of":[4,37,48,165],"integrated":[5],"circuits":[6],"to":[7,80,91,113,136,157],"enhance":[8],"hardware":[9],"security":[10,42],"and":[11,41,51,70,102,139,162],"IP":[12],"protection":[13],"has":[14,65,88,133,142],"been":[15,89,134,143],"extensively":[16],"explored":[17],"in":[18,98,128],"recent":[19],"years.":[20],"Physical":[21],"unclonable":[22],"functions":[23],"(PUFs)":[24],"can":[25,74,148],"sense":[26],"inherent":[27],"manufacturing":[28],"variations":[29],"as":[30],"chip":[31],"identifications.":[32],"To":[33],"enable":[34],"the":[35,46,76,115,140,150,158,163],"integration":[36],"PUFs":[38],"into":[39],"low-power":[40],"applications,":[43],"we":[44],"study":[45],"impacts":[47],"process":[49],"technology":[50,132],"supply":[52,72,100],"voltage":[53,73,101],"scaling":[54],"on":[55,123],"arbiter-based":[56,124],"PUF":[57,77,93,116,125],"circuit":[58,160],"design.":[59],"A":[60,84],"Monte":[61],"Carlo-based":[62],"statistical":[63],"analysis":[64,110],"demonstrated":[66],"that":[67],"advanced":[68],"technologies":[69],"reduced":[71],"improve":[75],"uniqueness":[78],"due":[79,156],"increased":[81],"delay":[82,94,118,167],"sensitivity.":[83],"linear":[85],"regression":[86],"approach":[87],"leveraged":[90],"generate":[92],"profile":[95],"by":[96],"factoring":[97],"device,":[99],"temperature":[103],"variations.":[104],"An":[105],"accurate":[106],"SVM-based":[107],"software":[108],"modeling":[109],"is":[111],"used":[112],"verify":[114],"additive":[117],"behavior.":[119],"Finally,":[120],"postsilicon":[121],"validation":[122],"test":[126,146],"chips":[127,147],"45":[129],"nm":[130],"SOICMOS":[131],"correlated":[135],"simulation":[137],"results":[138],"inconsistency":[141],"discussed.":[144],"The":[145],"resist":[149],"basic":[151],"support":[152],"vector":[153],"machine":[154],"attack":[155],"dynamic":[159],"effects":[161],"limitation":[164],"our":[166],"model.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
