{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118396397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2184092","title":"A Framework for Analyzing Template Security and Privacy in Biometric Authentication Systems","display_name":"A Framework for Analyzing Template Security and Privacy in Biometric Authentication Systems","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118396397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2184092","mag":"2118396397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2184092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2184092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/353866","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089069378","display_name":"Koen Simoens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koen Simoens","raw_affiliation_strings":["KU Leuven, Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium","KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064260807","display_name":"Julien Bringer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174015415","display_name":"Morpho (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05q5em355","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174015415"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Bringer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Morpho, Osny, France","Morpho, Osny, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morpho, Osny, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morpho, Osny, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174015415"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067956931","display_name":"Herv\u00e9 Chabanne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5916-3387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174015415","display_name":"Morpho (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05q5em355","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174015415"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herv\u00e9 Chabanne","raw_affiliation_strings":["T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris Technology, Paris, France","Morpho, Osny, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris Technology, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morpho, Osny, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174015415"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009330442","display_name":"Stefaan Seys","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefaan Seys","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBBT, Gent-Ledeberg, Belgium","KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBBT, Gent-Ledeberg, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5794,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98045035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"833","last_page":"841"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8864476680755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paillier-cryptosystem","display_name":"Paillier cryptosystem","score":0.8417607545852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.6772170066833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.641011655330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6016230583190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5658055543899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5360475182533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5174227952957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4746801555156708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.3186420798301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-cryptosystem","display_name":"Hybrid cryptosystem","score":0.17728960514068604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8864476680755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66989864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594646","display_name":"Paillier cryptosystem","level":5,"score":0.8417607545852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.6772170066833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.641011655330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6016230583190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5658055543899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5360475182533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5174227952957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4746801555156708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3186420798301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73468433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639918","display_name":"Hybrid cryptosystem","level":4,"score":0.17728960514068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2184092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2184092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/353866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/353866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 7 (2), Art.No. 2, (833-841)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/353866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/353866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 7 (2), Art.No. 2, (833-841)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W383543526","https://openalex.org/W1517731206","https://openalex.org/W1519005101","https://openalex.org/W1526209521","https://openalex.org/W1551278064","https://openalex.org/W1567158539","https://openalex.org/W1569930334","https://openalex.org/W1590496562","https://openalex.org/W1606443045","https://openalex.org/W1724038124","https://openalex.org/W1977753089","https://openalex.org/W2032551902","https://openalex.org/W2041942569","https://openalex.org/W2043944888","https://openalex.org/W2053960030","https://openalex.org/W2063355793","https://openalex.org/W2085759780","https://openalex.org/W2090997124","https://openalex.org/W2111251300","https://openalex.org/W2118175606","https://openalex.org/W2119334679","https://openalex.org/W2125587922","https://openalex.org/W2127173670","https://openalex.org/W2127697997","https://openalex.org/W2131703252","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2133885954","https://openalex.org/W2138474025","https://openalex.org/W2144596760","https://openalex.org/W2154691736","https://openalex.org/W2157791002","https://openalex.org/W2570008916","https://openalex.org/W3004533406","https://openalex.org/W6682953061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2984449477","https://openalex.org/W57076892","https://openalex.org/W2769910307","https://openalex.org/W4386159983","https://openalex.org/W2610314061","https://openalex.org/W3122440110","https://openalex.org/W3110942379","https://openalex.org/W2507448459","https://openalex.org/W2950317205","https://openalex.org/W4293579513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"correspondence,":[2],"we":[3,67,116,127,167,179],"analyze":[4],"the":[5,30,46,74,96,106,113,124,164,191,206,217,220,229,233,241,251],"vulnerabilities":[6],"of":[7,20,81,108,144,209,223,235],"biometric":[8,38,186],"authentication":[9,31],"protocols":[10],"with":[11],"respect":[12],"to":[13,28,33,72,90,129],"user":[14],"and":[15,64,66,110,155,232,255],"data":[16,39,109,159,187],"privacy.":[17],"The":[18],"goal":[19,88],"an":[21],"adversary":[22,253],"in":[23,45,137,177,250,261],"such":[24,204],"context":[25],"is":[26,89,146,194,214],"not":[27],"bypass":[29],"but":[32,188],"learn":[34],"information":[35],"either":[36],"on":[37,41,52,69,158,185,201,216],"or":[40,78,142],"users":[42],"that":[43,92,122,182,239],"are":[44,153,161,199],"system.":[47],"We":[48,172],"elaborate":[49],"our":[50,262],"analysis":[51],"a":[53,79,118,134,147,174],"general":[54],"system":[55,135],"model":[56,136,254],"involving":[57],"four":[58],"logical":[59],"entities":[60,83,145],"(sensor,":[61],"server,":[62],"database,":[63],"matcher),":[65],"focus":[68],"internal":[70,140],"adversaries":[71],"encompass":[73],"situation":[75],"where":[76,189],"one":[77,114],"combination":[80,143],"these":[82,245],"would":[84],"be":[85],"malicious.":[86],"Our":[87],"emphasize":[91],"when":[93,259],"going":[94],"beyond":[95],"usual":[97],"honest-but-curious":[98,252],"assumption":[99],"much":[100],"more":[101],"complex":[102],"attacks":[103],"can":[104],"affect":[105],"privacy":[107],"users.":[111],"On":[112,163],"hand,":[115,166],"introduce":[117],"new":[119],"comprehensive":[120],"framework":[121],"encompasses":[123],"various":[125],"schemes":[126,203,246],"want":[128],"look":[130],"at.":[131],"It":[132],"presents":[133],"which":[138,178,213,227],"each":[139],"entity":[141],"potential":[148,257],"attacker.":[149],"Different":[150],"attack":[151,197,265],"goals":[152],"considered":[154,260],"resulting":[156],"requirements":[157],"flows":[160],"discussed.":[162],"other":[165],"develop":[168],"different":[169],"generic":[170],"attacks.":[171],"follow":[173],"blackbox":[175],"approach":[176],"consider":[180],"components":[181],"perform":[183],"operations":[184],"only":[190],"input/output":[192],"behavior":[193],"analyzed.":[195],"These":[196],"strategies":[198],"exhibited":[200],"recent":[202],"as":[205],"distributed":[207],"protocol":[208,222],"Bringer":[210],"(ACISP":[211,225],"2007),":[212],"based":[215],"Goldwasser-Micali":[218],"cryptosystem,":[219,231],"related":[221],"Barbosa":[224],"2008),":[226],"uses":[228],"Paillier":[230],"scheme":[234],"Stoianov":[236],"(SPIE":[237],"2010),":[238],"features":[240],"Blum-Goldwasser":[242],"cryptosystem.":[243],"All":[244],"have":[247],"been":[248],"developed":[249],"show":[256],"weaknesses":[258],"malicious":[263],"insider":[264],"model.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}