{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2172131317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2011.2159712","title":"Comprehensive and Efficient Protection of Kernel Control Data","display_name":"Comprehensive and Efficient Protection of Kernel Control Data","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2172131317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2011.2159712","mag":"2172131317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2011.2159712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2011.2159712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102839957","display_name":"Jinku Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-7434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinku Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101788794","display_name":"Zhi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2484-0796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021902337","display_name":"Tyler Bletsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Bletsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005042550","display_name":"Deepa Srinivasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0674-4280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepa Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112308489","display_name":"Michael Grace","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Grace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109035300","display_name":"Xuxian Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuxian Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102839957"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96604249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"1404","last_page":"1417"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8646662831306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rootkit","display_name":"Rootkit","score":0.8640434741973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5965334177017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5235071778297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.47697147727012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.4625169038772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.43209707736968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow-graph","display_name":"Control flow graph","score":0.4147689938545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.41044795513153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3840319812297821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34114253520965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1835717260837555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8646662831306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14645","display_name":"Rootkit","level":3,"score":0.8640434741973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5965334177017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5235071778297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.47697147727012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.4625169038772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.43209707736968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27458966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187693","display_name":"Control flow graph","level":2,"score":0.4147689938545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.41044795513153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3840319812297821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34114253520965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1835717260837555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2011.2159712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2011.2159712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11554108","https://openalex.org/W90663244","https://openalex.org/W94181602","https://openalex.org/W103986934","https://openalex.org/W161166442","https://openalex.org/W173413620","https://openalex.org/W1557252148","https://openalex.org/W1563300346","https://openalex.org/W1587981097","https://openalex.org/W1641762327","https://openalex.org/W1655226010","https://openalex.org/W1742385376","https://openalex.org/W1825457006","https://openalex.org/W1996931407","https://openalex.org/W2027963645","https://openalex.org/W2029224396","https://openalex.org/W2062340141","https://openalex.org/W2069476565","https://openalex.org/W2072633121","https://openalex.org/W2079029390","https://openalex.org/W2081768685","https://openalex.org/W2098806455","https://openalex.org/W2099382052","https://openalex.org/W2105349588","https://openalex.org/W2106412703","https://openalex.org/W2106869436","https://openalex.org/W2109219878","https://openalex.org/W2110756602","https://openalex.org/W2112731379","https://openalex.org/W2117115928","https://openalex.org/W2121218648","https://openalex.org/W2121579803","https://openalex.org/W2123553986","https://openalex.org/W2126220112","https://openalex.org/W2131726714","https://openalex.org/W2133592286","https://openalex.org/W2136310957","https://openalex.org/W2144006591","https://openalex.org/W2146431583","https://openalex.org/W2148686658","https://openalex.org/W2153185479","https://openalex.org/W2153578567","https://openalex.org/W2155851497","https://openalex.org/W2171938395","https://openalex.org/W2397854955","https://openalex.org/W2403154275","https://openalex.org/W4243947286","https://openalex.org/W4246166885","https://openalex.org/W6600468524","https://openalex.org/W6603610806","https://openalex.org/W6603860816","https://openalex.org/W6633875382","https://openalex.org/W6634961285","https://openalex.org/W6636991409","https://openalex.org/W6637110787","https://openalex.org/W6638583435","https://openalex.org/W6671147960","https://openalex.org/W6676126365","https://openalex.org/W6677520968","https://openalex.org/W6681617088","https://openalex.org/W6682091879","https://openalex.org/W6685072004","https://openalex.org/W6711970155","https://openalex.org/W6713617066"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994712384","https://openalex.org/W4240186231","https://openalex.org/W2166844173","https://openalex.org/W3170525725","https://openalex.org/W3089468277","https://openalex.org/W4310805820","https://openalex.org/W58545800","https://openalex.org/W2119580333","https://openalex.org/W4288064943","https://openalex.org/W2138385884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Protecting":[0],"kernel":[1,47,92,100],"control":[2,29,101,158],"data":[3,30,54,102],"(e.g.,":[4,55],"function":[5],"pointers":[6],"and":[7,60,98,184],"return":[8,56],"addresses)":[9,57],"has":[10],"been":[11],"a":[12,87,143,192],"serious":[13],"issue":[14],"plaguing":[15],"rootkit":[16,20,134],"defenders.":[17],"In":[18],"particular,":[19],"authors":[21],"only":[22,105],"need":[23,37],"to":[24,31,38,103,132,166],"compromise":[25],"one":[26],"piece":[27],"of":[28,41,52,125,162,171],"launch":[32,133],"their":[33],"attacks,":[34],"while":[35],"defenders":[36],"protect":[39],"thousands":[40],"such":[42],"values":[43],"widely":[44],"scattered":[45],"across":[46],"memory":[48],"space.":[49],"Worse,":[50],"some":[51],"this":[53,148],"is":[58,181],"volatile":[59],"can":[61,119,185],"be":[62,186],"dynamically":[63],"generated":[64],"at":[65],"run":[66],"time.":[67],"Existing":[68],"solutions,":[69],"however,":[70],"offer":[71],"either":[72],"incomplete":[73],"protection":[74],"or":[75],"excessive":[76],"performance":[77,194],"overhead.":[78],"To":[79,136],"overcome":[80],"these":[81],"limitations,":[82],"we":[83,118,140],"present":[84],"indexed":[85,168],"hooks,":[86],"scheme":[88],"that":[89,146,178],"greatly":[90],"facilitates":[91],"control-flow":[93,113],"enforcement":[94],"by":[95,110],"thoroughly":[96],"transforming":[97,155],"restricting":[99],"take":[104],"legal":[106],"jump":[107],"targets":[108],"(allowed":[109],"the":[111,122,151,163],"kernel's":[112],"graph).":[114],"By":[115],"doing":[116],"so,":[117],"severely":[120],"limit":[121],"attackers'":[123],"possibility":[124],"exploiting":[126],"them":[127],"as":[128],"an":[129],"infection":[130],"vector":[131],"attacks.":[135],"validate":[137],"our":[138,179],"approach,":[139],"have":[141],"developed":[142],"compiler-based":[144],"prototype":[145],"implements":[147],"technique":[149],"in":[150],"FreeBSD":[152],"8.0":[153],"kernel,":[154],"49":[156],"025":[157],"transfer":[159],"instructions":[160],"(~7.25%":[161],"code":[164],"base)":[165],"use":[167],"hooks":[169],"instead":[170],"direct":[172],"pointers.":[173],"Our":[174],"evaluation":[175],"results":[176],"indicate":[177],"approach":[180],"generic,":[182],"effective,":[183],"implemented":[187],"on":[188,198],"commodity":[189],"hardware":[190],"with":[191],"low":[193],"overhead":[195],"(<;5%":[196],"based":[197],"benchmarks).":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
