{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167001971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2010.2046984","title":"Information Leakage in Fuzzy Commitment Schemes","display_name":"Information Leakage in Fuzzy Commitment Schemes","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167001971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2010.2046984","mag":"2167001971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2010.2046984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2010.2046984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/2871814/Metis245322.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076494364","display_name":"Tanya Ignatenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-6706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanya Ignatenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhovan University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhovan University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039843593","display_name":"F.M.J. Willems","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7316-3471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frans M J Willems","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhovan University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhovan University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.3359,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99314493,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"337","last_page":"348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.7481099367141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodic-theory","display_name":"Ergodic theory","score":0.7361768484115601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6180809736251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.6103777289390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5955113768577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49720218777656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.47099584341049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4569895267486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-number","display_name":"Fuzzy number","score":0.4110549986362457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.34699496626853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1423262655735016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1245887279510498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.7481099367141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122044880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5498822","display_name":"Ergodic theory","level":2,"score":0.7361768484115601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6180809736251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.6103777289390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5955113768577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49720218777656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.47099584341049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4569895267486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1883856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407463","display_name":"Fuzzy number","level":4,"score":0.4110549986362457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.34699496626853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1423262655735016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1245887279510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2010.2046984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2010.2046984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/caf1816d-8a3e-4df4-bcfe-150def539ea7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/caf1816d-8a3e-4df4-bcfe-150def539ea7","pdf_url":"https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/2871814/Metis245322.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ignatenko, T & Willems, F M J 2010, 'Information leakage in fuzzy commitment schemes', IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 337-348. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2010.2046984","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/caf1816d-8a3e-4df4-bcfe-150def539ea7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/caf1816d-8a3e-4df4-bcfe-150def539ea7","pdf_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/caf1816d-8a3e-4df4-bcfe-150def539ea7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 5(2), 337 - 348. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:694587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://library.tue.nl/csp/dare/LinkToRepository.csp?recordnumber=694587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923046","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:1556-6013","raw_type":"Article / Letter to the editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.456.7444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.456.7444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://alexandria.tue.nl/openaccess/Metis245322.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.tue.nl:694587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.tue.nl/694587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923046","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:1556-6013","raw_type":"Article / Letter to the editor"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/caf1816d-8a3e-4df4-bcfe-150def539ea7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/caf1816d-8a3e-4df4-bcfe-150def539ea7","pdf_url":"https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/2871814/Metis245322.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ignatenko, T & Willems, F M J 2010, 'Information leakage in fuzzy commitment schemes', IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 337-348. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2010.2046984","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167001971.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167001971.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33948074","https://openalex.org/W1504678122","https://openalex.org/W1527581375","https://openalex.org/W1546438435","https://openalex.org/W1978176441","https://openalex.org/W1985268374","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1997102776","https://openalex.org/W2019414962","https://openalex.org/W2020347709","https://openalex.org/W2032551902","https://openalex.org/W2041942569","https://openalex.org/W2045383198","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2104641770","https://openalex.org/W2108777864","https://openalex.org/W2122716082","https://openalex.org/W2129115604","https://openalex.org/W2142901448","https://openalex.org/W2154300278","https://openalex.org/W2154691736","https://openalex.org/W2155676967","https://openalex.org/W2165831888","https://openalex.org/W2168892181","https://openalex.org/W2534370658","https://openalex.org/W2548219122","https://openalex.org/W3140053156","https://openalex.org/W4243863998","https://openalex.org/W4255295422","https://openalex.org/W6630420964","https://openalex.org/W6631520943","https://openalex.org/W6646741302","https://openalex.org/W6728970016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2493929861","https://openalex.org/W2475541339","https://openalex.org/W2107199751","https://openalex.org/W565335793","https://openalex.org/W2363071176","https://openalex.org/W2390585021","https://openalex.org/W99756173","https://openalex.org/W50969306","https://openalex.org/W4300441478","https://openalex.org/W2583477080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"1999,":[1],"Juels":[2],"and":[3,40,52,77,96,103,171,183],"Wattenberg":[4],"introduced":[5],"the":[6,81,87,100,111,127,131,148,154,158,168,175,181],"fuzzy":[7,55,134,142],"commitment":[8,56,135,143],"scheme.":[9],"This":[10,48],"scheme":[11,155,176],"is":[12,38,60,136,144,164],"a":[13,17,28],"particular":[14],"realization":[15],"of":[16,66,133],"binary":[18],"biometric":[19,33,67,184],"secrecy":[20,34],"system":[21],"with":[22],"chosen":[23],"secret":[24,182],"keys.":[25],"It":[26],"became":[27],"popular":[29],"technique":[30],"for":[31,63,86,110,122,147,167],"designing":[32],"systems,":[35],"since":[36],"it":[37,163],"convenient":[39],"easy":[41],"to":[42],"implement":[43],"using":[44],"standard":[45],"error-correcting":[46],"codes.":[47,125],"paper":[49],"investigates":[50],"privacy-":[51],"secrecy-leakage":[53],"in":[54],"schemes.":[57],"The":[58,138],"analysis":[59,139],"carried":[61],"out":[62],"four":[64],"cases":[65,88],"data":[68,90],"statistics,":[69],"i.e.,":[70],"memoryless":[71,74,93,97,102,149,170],"totally":[72,94,150],"symmetric,":[73],"input-symmetric,":[75],"memoryless,":[76],"stationary":[78,104,172],"ergodic.":[79],"First,":[80],"achievable":[82,112,128],"regions":[83,114,129],"are":[84,92,115,120],"determined":[85],"when":[89],"statistics":[91],"symmetric":[95,151],"input-symmetric.":[98],"For":[99],"general":[101,169],"ergodic":[105,173],"cases,":[106,174],"only":[107,145],"outer":[108],"bounds":[109],"rate-leakage":[113],"provided.":[116],"These":[117],"bounds,":[118],"however,":[119],"sharpened":[121],"systematic":[123],"parity-check":[124],"Given":[126],"(bounds),":[130],"optimality":[132],"assessed.":[137],"shows":[140],"that":[141,166],"optimal":[146],"case":[152],"if":[153],"operates":[156],"at":[157],"maximum":[159],"secret-key":[160],"rate.":[161],"Moreover,":[162],"demonstrated":[165],"leaks":[177],"information":[178],"on":[179],"both":[180],"data.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}