{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143387732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2008.2007244","title":"Toward Compression of Encrypted Images and Video Sequences","display_name":"Toward Compression of Encrypted Images and Video Sequences","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143387732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2008.2007244","mag":"2143387732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2008.2007244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2008.2007244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090683086","display_name":"Daniel Schonberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Schonberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA","University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029182703","display_name":"Stark C. Draper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8100-5599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stark C. Draper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028054905","display_name":"Chuohao Yeo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuohao Yeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030620564","display_name":"Kannan Ramchandran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4567-328X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kannan Ramchandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80866619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"749","last_page":"762"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8861809968948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7526414394378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-compression","display_name":"Lossless compression","score":0.691949188709259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5911300778388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.5610315799713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.544999361038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4773305058479309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4578302502632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/huffman-coding","display_name":"Huffman coding","score":0.421625554561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4056735932826996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4007970094680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09698641300201416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8861809968948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7526414394378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.691949188709259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5911300778388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.5610315799713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.544999361038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4773305058479309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4578302502632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46900642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2647","display_name":"Huffman coding","level":3,"score":0.421625554561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4056735932826996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4007970094680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09698641300201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2008.2007244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2008.2007244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63285910","https://openalex.org/W66434834","https://openalex.org/W1508702887","https://openalex.org/W1549664537","https://openalex.org/W1586047863","https://openalex.org/W1975889335","https://openalex.org/W2099213070","https://openalex.org/W2101647944","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2114468914","https://openalex.org/W2115526497","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2131685675","https://openalex.org/W2137589000","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2153522826","https://openalex.org/W2153638435","https://openalex.org/W2159351027","https://openalex.org/W2169732368","https://openalex.org/W2296125569","https://openalex.org/W2534685504","https://openalex.org/W2980656204","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300188436","https://openalex.org/W6602609016","https://openalex.org/W6602685076","https://openalex.org/W6630255583","https://openalex.org/W6635113949","https://openalex.org/W6768683339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557642114","https://openalex.org/W1762028264","https://openalex.org/W2948148442","https://openalex.org/W2461250372","https://openalex.org/W2394342941","https://openalex.org/W2169853506","https://openalex.org/W2547124190","https://openalex.org/W2350586049","https://openalex.org/W2385628723","https://openalex.org/W2169871401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,99,106],"present":[1,177],"a":[2,132,196],"framework":[3],"for":[4,111,181,199],"compressing":[5],"encrypted":[6,41,165,200],"media,":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9,27,44,46],"images":[10,112],"and":[11,73,176,184],"videos.":[12],"Encryption":[13],"masks":[14],"the":[15,25,63,69,84,90,150,168,190],"source,":[16],"rendering":[17],"traditional":[18],"compression":[19,183],"algorithms":[20],"ineffective.":[21],"By":[22],"conceiving":[23],"of":[24,29,65,149],"problem":[26],"one":[28],"distributed":[30],"source":[31,85],"coding,":[32],"it":[33,115,187],"has":[34],"been":[35],"shown":[36],"in":[37,103],"prior":[38],"work":[39],"that":[40,67,82,138,186],"data":[42],"are":[43,51,74],"compressible":[45],"unencrypted":[47,140,147],"data.":[48],"However,":[49],"there":[50],"two":[52],"major":[53],"challenges":[54],"to":[55,97,116,131,189],"realize":[56],"these":[57,101],"theoretical":[58],"results.":[59],"The":[60,79,143],"first":[61,107],"is":[62,81,86],"development":[64],"models":[66,110],"capture":[68],"underlying":[70],"statistical":[71,109],"structure":[72],"compatible":[75],"with":[76],"our":[77,119,129,160],"framework.":[78],"second":[80],"since":[83],"masked":[87],"by":[88,154,171],"encryption,":[89],"compressor":[91],"does":[92],"not":[93],"know":[94],"what":[95],"rate":[96],"target.":[98],"tackle":[100],"issues":[102],"this":[104],"paper.":[105],"develop":[108,175],"before":[113],"extending":[114],"videos,":[117],"where":[118],"techniques":[120],"really":[121],"gain":[122],"traction.":[123],"As":[124],"an":[125,178],"illustration,":[126],"we":[127,174,194],"compare":[128],"results":[130],"state-of-the-art":[133],"motion-compensated":[134],"lossless":[135],"video":[136,141],"encoder":[137],"requires":[139],"input.":[142],"latter":[144],"compresses":[145,167],"each":[146],"frame":[148],"ldquoForemanrdquo":[151],"test":[152],"sequence":[153,170],"59%":[155],"on":[156,164],"average.":[157],"In":[158],"comparison,":[159],"proof-of-concept":[161],"implementation,":[162],"working":[163],"data,":[166],"same":[169],"33%.":[172],"Next,":[173],"adaptive":[179],"protocol":[180],"universal":[182],"show":[185],"converges":[188],"entropy":[191],"rate.":[192],"Finally,":[193],"demonstrate":[195],"complete":[197],"implementation":[198],"video.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}