{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133326943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2026.3666048","title":"Current Harmonic Mitigation and Voltage Utilization Improvement of Heavy Duty Dual Three-Phase IPMSM Based on Direct Duty Cycle Modulated Model Predictive Control","display_name":"Current Harmonic Mitigation and Voltage Utilization Improvement of Heavy Duty Dual Three-Phase IPMSM Based on Direct Duty Cycle Modulated Model Predictive Control","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133326943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2026.3666048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2026.3666048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2026.3666048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/61360041/1/Current%20Harmonic%20Mitigation%20And%20Voltage%20Utilization%20Improvement%20Of%20Heavy%20Duty%20Dual%20Three-Phase%20IPMSM%20Based%20On%20Direct%20Duty%20Cycle%20Modulated%20Model%20Predictive%20Control","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127948349","display_name":"Mengmeng Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengmeng Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6584-2545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040923451","display_name":"Dongdong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3966-3270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongdong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3966-3270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008728426","display_name":"Jacopo Riccio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4832-092X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacopo Riccio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4832-092X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121639701","display_name":"Tianjie Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianjie Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-1571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051683114","display_name":"Dmytro Prystupa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0706-5427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmytro Prystupa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0706-5427","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085009587","display_name":"Andrew Trentin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-7920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Trentin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-7920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065946563","display_name":"Michele Degano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-1172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Degano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-1172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108166814","display_name":"Chris Gerada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4707-4480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Gerada","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4707-4480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030843086","display_name":"Krzysztof Paciura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137090","display_name":"Cummins (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03stcpv37","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137090","https://openalex.org/I4210141466"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Paciura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cummins"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5100-3902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cummins","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137090"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14293895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"8","first_page":"11163","last_page":"11175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.6830000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.6830000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.17270000278949738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.04569999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.7554000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7204999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.6096000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.536899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-analysis","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.3790999948978424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.7554000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7204999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.6096000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.536899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57917881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2603102","display_name":"Space vector modulation","level":4,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777718703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723706","display_name":"Machine control","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11883093","display_name":"Modulation index","level":4,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776620479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159241","display_name":"Direct current","level":3,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38834483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17000223","display_name":"Traction (geology)","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2026.3666048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2026.3666048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:61360041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/61360041/1/Current%20Harmonic%20Mitigation%20And%20Voltage%20Utilization%20Improvement%20Of%20Heavy%20Duty%20Dual%20Three-Phase%20IPMSM%20Based%20On%20Direct%20Duty%20Cycle%20Modulated%20Model%20Predictive%20Control","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:61360041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/61360041/1/Current%20Harmonic%20Mitigation%20And%20Voltage%20Utilization%20Improvement%20Of%20Heavy%20Duty%20Dual%20Three-Phase%20IPMSM%20Based%20On%20Direct%20Duty%20Cycle%20Modulated%20Model%20Predictive%20Control","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.47353029251098633,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3511727486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","funder_display_name":"Innovate UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6607730679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"105895","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","display_name":"Innovate UK","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar5fy68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dual":[0],"three-phase":[1,20],"interior":[2],"permanent":[3],"magnet":[4],"synchronous":[5],"motors":[6],"(DTP-IPMSMs)":[7],"are":[8],"gaining":[9],"increasing":[10],"research":[11],"interests":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,106,113,134],"improved":[15],"control":[16,63,81,151,174],"flexibility":[17],"over":[18],"the":[19,23,172],"counterparts.":[21],"With":[22],"aim":[24],"of":[25,44,99,158,179,184],"promoting":[26],"this":[27,35,77],"motor":[28],"topology":[29],"for":[30,65],"heavy":[31],"duty":[32,58,120],"traction":[33],"applications,":[34],"article":[36],"deals":[37],"with":[38,70,124,140,153],"two":[39],"critical":[40],"and":[41,52,97],"coupled":[42],"aspects":[43],"DTP-IPMSM":[45],"drive":[46],"systems,":[47],"i.e.,":[48],"current":[49,159],"harmonic":[50,90,102,110,155],"mitigation":[51],"voltage":[53,101,128,137,163],"utilization":[54,138],"improvement.":[55],"A":[56],"direct":[57,119],"cycle":[59,121],"modulated":[60],"model":[61,86],"predictive":[62],"method":[64],"hundreds-kW":[66],"industrial":[67],"level":[68],"DTP-IPMSMs":[69],"strong":[71],"magnetic":[72],"nonlinearity":[73],"is":[74,132,167,176],"presented":[75],"in":[76],"article.":[78],"The":[79,162],"proposed":[80,126,173],"approach":[82,175],"adopts":[83],"enhanced":[84],"mathematical":[85],"by":[87],"incorporating":[88],"load-dependent":[89],"flux":[91],"linkages.":[92],"This":[93],"enables":[94],"accurate":[95],"prediction":[96],"compensation":[98],"dominant":[100],"components,":[103],"which":[104],"contributes":[105],"significantly":[107],"reduced":[108],"subspace":[109],"currents":[111],"compared":[112,139],"conventional":[114],"methods.":[115],"Moreover,":[116],"a":[117,125],"novel":[118],"modulation":[122,164],"strategy":[123],"four-dimensional":[127],"space":[129],"partitioning":[130],"concept":[131],"implemented":[133],"improve":[135],"DC-link":[136],"existing":[141],"four-vector":[142],"modulation.":[143],"Experimental":[144],"validation":[145],"on":[146],"a$\\boldsymbol{450}\\,$N\u00b7m,$\\boldsymbol{2000\\,\\text{r/min}}$DTP-IPMSM":[147],"prototype":[148],"demonstrates":[149],"superior":[150],"performance":[152],"total":[154],"distortion":[156],"(THD)":[157],"limited":[160],"to$\\boldsymbol{2.25}$%.":[161],"index":[165],"for$\\boldsymbol{\\alpha}$-$\\boldsymbol{\\beta}$subspace":[166],"experimentally":[168],"pushed":[169],"to$\\boldsymbol{1.171}$.":[170],"Overall,":[171],"validated":[177],"capable":[178],"extending":[180],"output":[181],"power":[182],"range":[183],"DTP-IPMSMs.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}