{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135204301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2026.3663767","title":"Self-Oscillating Joule Thief Converters for MEMS Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting: Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation","display_name":"Self-Oscillating Joule Thief Converters for MEMS Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting: Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135204301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2026.3663767"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2026.3663767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2026.3663767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012362324","display_name":"Shengkai Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1113-0535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengkai Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1113-0535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026627174","display_name":"Snorre Aunet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-8886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Snorre Aunet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-8886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20768939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"8","first_page":"11551","last_page":"11563"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9150999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9150999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.04600000008940697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectromechanical-systems","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joule","display_name":"Joule (programming language)","score":0.5393999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joule-heating","display_name":"Joule heating","score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-transformation","display_name":"Energy transformation","score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-electromagnetics","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-field","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","score":0.3107999861240387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37977207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175561","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","level":2,"score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779058145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294583","display_name":"Joule (programming language)","level":3,"score":0.5393999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117926987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210009","display_name":"Joule heating","level":2,"score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144822601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11271324","display_name":"Energy transformation","level":2,"score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206844423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157313","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","level":3,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986605239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Numerical models","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106889404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294587","display_name":"Joule effect","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29592376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206799","display_name":"Electric energy","level":3,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983309280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751960","display_name":"Electromagnetic heating","level":3,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909720056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11406","display_name":"Electromagnetics","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2026.3663767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2026.3663767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8368434309959412,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2118602450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"299279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1418937690","https://openalex.org/W1987220004","https://openalex.org/W2007003117","https://openalex.org/W2029801923","https://openalex.org/W2043053449","https://openalex.org/W2075490892","https://openalex.org/W2135548493","https://openalex.org/W2144990597","https://openalex.org/W2154719474","https://openalex.org/W2410179789","https://openalex.org/W2555798959","https://openalex.org/W2604318624","https://openalex.org/W2606989538","https://openalex.org/W2889294629","https://openalex.org/W2914082395","https://openalex.org/W2977555417","https://openalex.org/W3007351547","https://openalex.org/W3026224693","https://openalex.org/W4238579257","https://openalex.org/W4283119555","https://openalex.org/W4382203098","https://openalex.org/W4386702866","https://openalex.org/W4390659391","https://openalex.org/W4392552678","https://openalex.org/W4393032105","https://openalex.org/W4408281869"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MEMS":[0,165],"electromagnetic":[1],"energy":[2,107,170],"harvesters":[3],"face":[4],"a":[5,94,99,105,110,149,160],"critical":[6],"cold-start":[7],"bottleneck:":[8],"ultralow":[9],"voltage":[10,23,76],"combined":[11],"with":[12,104],"high":[13,25],"source":[14,169],"impedance.":[15,101],"Existing":[16],"startup":[17,141,151],"converters":[18],"optimize":[19],"for":[20],"either":[21],"low":[22],"or":[24],"impedance,":[26],"rarely":[27],"both.":[28],"This":[29],"article":[30],"addresses":[31,159],"this":[32,157],"challenge":[33],"by":[34],"adapting":[35],"the":[36,71,83,145],"self-oscillating":[37],"joule":[38,146],"thief":[39,147],"topology":[40],"through":[41],"closed-form":[42],"analytical":[43,72],"modeling.":[44],"Unlike":[45],"prior":[46],"semianalytical":[47],"approaches":[48],"requiring":[49],"iterative":[50],"simulation,":[51],"our":[52],"framework":[53,158],"enables":[54],"simulation-free":[55],"design":[56],"exploration":[57],"of":[58,79],"bipolar":[59],"junction":[60],"transistor":[61],"(BJT)-":[62],"and":[63,87,167],"N-type":[64],"metal-oxide-semiconductor":[65],"(NMOS)-based":[66],"implementations.":[67],"For":[68],"both":[69],"implementations,":[70],"model":[73],"predicts":[74],"output":[75],"within":[77],"10%":[78],"experimental":[80],"results":[81],"over":[82],"measured":[84],"voltage,":[85],"load,":[86],"source-resistance":[88],"sweeps.":[89],"The":[90],"NMOS":[91,115,127],"version":[92],"demonstrates":[93],"50":[95],"mV":[96],"start-up":[97],"from":[98],"300$\\boldsymbol{\\Omega}$source":[100],"Experimental":[102],"validation":[103],"300$\\boldsymbol{\\Omega}$electromagnetic":[106],"harvester":[108],"shows":[109],"tradeoff":[111],"in":[112],"practice:":[113],"zero-threshold":[114],"starts":[116,128],"at":[117,129],"0.35":[118],"g":[119,131,140],"rms":[120],"acceleration":[121],"but":[122,132],"provides":[123],"43%":[124],"boost;":[125],"low-threshold":[126],"0.5":[130],"achieves":[133],"93%":[134],"boost\u2014both":[135],"outperforming":[136],"TI":[137],"BQ25570\u2019s":[138],"0.7":[139],"requirement.":[142],"By":[143],"positioning":[144],"as":[148],"specialized":[150],"circuit":[152],"complementing":[153],"high-efficiency":[154],"main":[155],"converters,":[156],"key":[161],"barrier":[162],"to":[163],"self-powered":[164],"deployment":[166],"high-impedance":[168],"harvesting.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-03-14T00:00:00"}
