{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117560288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3639750","title":"Robust Defense Framework for Active Distribution Networks Under Multiple Attacks","display_name":"Robust Defense Framework for Active Distribution Networks Under Multiple Attacks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117560288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3639750"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3639750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3639750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121573821","display_name":"Cong Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-9093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016128717","display_name":"Qingyu Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyu Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-6748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111018956","display_name":"Zhan Shu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhan Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-254X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072142537","display_name":"Xin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-3738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-3738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121571213","display_name":"Jian Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-0551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4604798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"5","first_page":"7608","last_page":"7618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.8966000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.8966000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.0544000007212162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.02590000070631504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.6270999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disconnection","display_name":"Disconnection","score":0.5813999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5787000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.551800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-control","display_name":"Robust control","score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.46299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6270999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5954999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780371621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3709910","display_name":"Disconnection","level":2,"score":0.5813999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5787000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.551800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3031470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818544","display_name":"State observer","level":3,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3639750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3639750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.720893383026123}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G171766894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20230101239JC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G626757246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62573109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996774007","https://openalex.org/W2063688797","https://openalex.org/W2550453031","https://openalex.org/W2569530152","https://openalex.org/W2765166103","https://openalex.org/W2787337700","https://openalex.org/W2800041234","https://openalex.org/W2809807165","https://openalex.org/W2900426285","https://openalex.org/W2910038771","https://openalex.org/W2915419811","https://openalex.org/W2962874681","https://openalex.org/W2999105360","https://openalex.org/W3096947028","https://openalex.org/W3132683945","https://openalex.org/W3164644823","https://openalex.org/W3172536107","https://openalex.org/W4200196079","https://openalex.org/W4285276384","https://openalex.org/W4313316179","https://openalex.org/W4387520606","https://openalex.org/W4388205945","https://openalex.org/W4391248423","https://openalex.org/W4403182509","https://openalex.org/W4406387734"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,32],"robust":[4],"defense":[5,133],"framework":[6,25,129],"for":[7],"hierarchical":[8],"active":[9],"distribution":[10],"networks":[11],"under":[12,123],"multiple":[13],"malicious":[14],"attacks":[15,96],"including":[16],"false":[17],"data":[18],"injections":[19],"(FDIs)":[20],"and":[21,31,49,134,139],"line":[22,124],"disconnections.":[23],"The":[24,41,106,127],"integrates":[26],"an":[27,144],"adaptive":[28,42],"augmented":[29,43],"observer":[30,44,67,90],"Defender-Attacker-Optimizer":[33],"(D-A-O)":[34],"algorithm":[35],"against":[36,60,93],"different":[37],"layers":[38],"of":[39,86,120,143],"attacks.":[40,63],"reconstructs":[45],"the":[46,53,66,69,77,82,87,89,98,102,121],"FDI":[47,62,95],"signals":[48],"sends":[50],"them":[51],"to":[52,58,81,101,116],"controller":[54,61],"as":[55],"compensation":[56],"values":[57],"defend":[59,92],"In":[64],"addition,":[65],"transmits":[68],"observed":[70,83],"system":[71,122],"states":[72,85],"which":[73],"are":[74],"used":[75],"in":[76],"D-A-O":[78,107],"algorithm.":[79],"Due":[80],"true":[84],"system,":[88],"can":[91],"interlayer":[94],"from":[97],"physical":[99],"layer":[100],"cloud":[103],"decision":[104],"layer.":[105],"algorithm,":[108],"based":[109],"on":[110],"Column-and-Constraint":[111],"Generation":[112],"(CC&G),":[113],"is":[114],"designed":[115],"achieve":[117],"lower":[118,135],"cost":[119,136],"disconnection":[125],"scenarios.":[126],"proposed":[128],"demonstrates":[130],"stronger":[131],"attack":[132],"through":[137],"simulation":[138],"hardware-in-the-loop":[140],"(HIL)":[141],"testing":[142],"IEEE":[145],"33-bus":[146],"system.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-12-30T00:00:00"}
