{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7104851484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3613602","title":"Fast Calculation of AC Copper Losses With PWM Current in EV Propulsion Motors","display_name":"Fast Calculation of AC Copper Losses With PWM Current in EV Propulsion Motors","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7104851484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3613602"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3613602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3613602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nam-Ho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-5674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nam-Ho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-5674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Seok-Won Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-820X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seok-Won Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-820X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Do-Hyun Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1327-8402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Do-Hyun Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1327-8402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yong-Jun Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3066-1967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Jun Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3066-1967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ho-Jin Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7064-3210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ho-Jin Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7064-3210","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Il-Hwan An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4203-6111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157693","display_name":"Hyundai Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04tv6gw72","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49946491","display_name":"Hyundai Motors (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/016kvft77","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197312522","https://openalex.org/I49946491"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Il-Hwan An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hyundai-Transys, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4203-6111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hyundai-Transys, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157693","https://openalex.org/I49946491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kwon-II Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5197-4815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157693","display_name":"Hyundai Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04tv6gw72","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49946491","display_name":"Hyundai Motors (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/016kvft77","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197312522","https://openalex.org/I49946491"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwon-II Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hyundai-Transys, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5197-4815","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hyundai-Transys, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157693","https://openalex.org/I49946491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jin Hwan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0120-8558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Hwan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chonnam University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0120-8558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chonnam University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sang-Yong Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8686-5595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Yong Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8686-5595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45676718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"3","first_page":"3686","last_page":"3697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.6376000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.6376000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11444","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression","score":0.17579999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.0738999992609024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-current","display_name":"Eddy current","score":0.6378999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.6148999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-loss","display_name":"Copper loss","score":0.586899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-analysis","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5271000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.5037000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux-leakage","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","score":0.40959998965263367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131357438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208598","display_name":"Eddy current","level":2,"score":0.6378999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.6148999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61906436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225223","display_name":"Copper loss","level":3,"score":0.586899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5271000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.5037000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20892748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4390394","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","level":3,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151482245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664150","display_name":"Skin effect","level":2,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778363592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374837","display_name":"Emtp","level":4,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176871988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72313","display_name":"Electric motor","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3613602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3613602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.856166660785675,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/02zq38y32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023854807","https://openalex.org/W2092315269","https://openalex.org/W2171465891","https://openalex.org/W2247257590","https://openalex.org/W2785720072","https://openalex.org/W2922278225","https://openalex.org/W2945879626","https://openalex.org/W2976876443","https://openalex.org/W3108341134","https://openalex.org/W4210844145","https://openalex.org/W4285117747","https://openalex.org/W4285133462","https://openalex.org/W4285149024","https://openalex.org/W4295308615","https://openalex.org/W4313590946","https://openalex.org/W4360897692","https://openalex.org/W4380682699","https://openalex.org/W4385800953","https://openalex.org/W4386634673","https://openalex.org/W4389259715","https://openalex.org/W4389934396","https://openalex.org/W4396877906"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,65,119,180],"hybrid":[4],"approach":[5,121],"that":[6],"combines":[7],"magneto-quasi-static":[8],"finite":[9],"element":[10],"analysis":[11],"(MQS-FEA)":[12],"with":[13,28,164],"analytical":[14],"formulas":[15],"to":[16,86,105],"efficiently":[17],"estimate":[18,106],"ac":[19],"copper":[20],"losses":[21,49,153],"in":[22],"an":[23],"electric":[24],"vehicle":[25],"propulsion":[26],"motor":[27,184],"hairpin":[29],"windings.":[30],"The":[31,98,124,149],"method":[32,101],"accurately":[33],"accounts":[34],"for":[35],"both":[36,52],"skin":[37],"and":[38,56,74,92],"proximity":[39,79,116],"effect":[40,48,80],"losses,":[41,81],"while":[42],"substantially":[43],"reducing":[44],"computation":[45],"time.":[46],"Skin":[47],"caused":[50],"by":[51,130],"the":[53,88,113,140,157,186,189],"sinusoidal":[54,96],"current":[55,72,152],"pulse":[57],"width":[58],"modulation":[59],"(PWM)":[60],"harmonics":[61],"are":[62,128,154],"calculated":[63],"using":[64,156,165,179],"reactance-limited":[66,158],"loss":[67,76,117],"equation,":[68],"which":[69],"effectively":[70],"captures":[71],"redistribution":[73],"accelerates":[75],"evaluation.":[77],"For":[78],"MQS-FEA":[82],"is":[83,102,122],"first":[84],"used":[85],"compute":[87],"slot":[89,108],"leakage":[90,109],"flux":[91,147],"PM":[93],"fields":[94,127],"under":[95],"excitation.":[97],"frozen":[99],"permeability":[100],"then":[103],"applied":[104],"PWM-induced":[107,161],"flux.":[110],"To":[111],"improve":[112],"accuracy":[114,187],"of":[115,139,145,188],"estimation,":[118],"probabilistic":[120],"employed.":[123],"representative":[125],"external":[126],"defined":[129],"selecting":[131],"harmonic":[132],"components":[133],"based":[134],"on":[135],"kernel":[136],"density":[137,143],"estimation":[138],"continuous":[141],"probability":[142],"function":[144],"element-wise":[146],"densities.":[148],"resulting":[150],"eddy":[151],"evaluated":[155],"formulation,":[159],"incorporating":[160],"fields.":[162],"Compared":[163],"only":[166],"transient":[167],"FEA,":[168],"it":[169],"also":[170],"facilitated":[171],"rapid":[172],"efficiency":[173],"map":[174],"construction.":[175],"Finally,":[176],"experimental":[177],"validation":[178],"150":[181],"kW":[182],"target":[183],"confirmed":[185],"proposed":[190],"method.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-12T00:00:00"}