{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415821266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3610764","title":"Dynamic Phasor Modeling, Stability Analysis, and Controller Design of Single-Phase Grid-Forming Converters","display_name":"Dynamic Phasor Modeling, Stability Analysis, and Controller Design of Single-Phase Grid-Forming Converters","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415821266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3610764"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3610764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3610764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029923645","display_name":"Wenjia Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9960-4344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjia Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9960-4344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068294624","display_name":"Chenming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1060-1892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1060-1892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010945720","display_name":"Steven Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-2745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73114660","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkqa017","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73114660"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rhineland-Palatinate Technical University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-2745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rhineland-Palatinate Technical University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046","https://openalex.org/I73114660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005237831","display_name":"Hongchang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-7582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongchang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-7582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641479","display_name":"Chenghui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-5930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-5930","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044317982","display_name":"Jingyang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2881-5626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2881-5626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35185162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"3","first_page":"4007","last_page":"4018"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.020899999886751175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.016699999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.9218000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.8047000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6675000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-margin","display_name":"Phase margin","score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.4138999879360199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.9218000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.8047000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6675000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5634999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81455027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180955","display_name":"Phase margin","level":5,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75778745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q342626","display_name":"Lag","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45872418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318966","display_name":"Dynamic demand","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3610764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3610764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1473439464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12411530110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4024990236","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR202210270088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313895","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6113346573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52377192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6648870055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202228069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310075","funder_display_name":"Jinan Science and Technology Bureau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7228306046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20221017-9","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310075","display_name":"Jinan Science and Technology Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/016p59286"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313895","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9fvd84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grid-forming":[0],"converters":[1,21,29],"become":[2],"the":[3,16,45,50,59,78,97,109,121,137,152,156,161,169,176,180,186,189],"enabler":[4],"of":[5,52,101,132,155,179,188],"modern":[6],"power":[7,69,126,148,157],"systems.":[8],"As":[9],"distributed":[10],"renewable":[11],"energy":[12],"sources":[13],"gain":[14],"popularity,":[15],"demand":[17],"for":[18,68],"single-phase":[19,46],"grid-forming":[20,47],"has":[22],"risen":[23],"as":[24],"well.":[25],"However,":[26],"modeling":[27],"such":[28],"faces":[30],"new":[31],"challenges,":[32],"which":[33,65,88,150],"further":[34],"hinder":[35],"stability":[36,141,162],"analyses":[37],"and":[38,55,185],"controller":[39],"design.":[40],"This":[41],"article":[42,81],"comprehensively":[43],"investigates":[44],"converter":[48],"from":[49,125],"perspectives":[51],"modeling,":[53,58],"analysis,":[54],"control.":[56],"Regarding":[57],"nonlinear":[60],"orthogonal":[61],"signal":[62],"generation":[63],"unit,":[64,159],"is":[66],"crucial":[67],"measurement,":[70,127],"currently":[71],"lacks":[72],"an":[73,83,129],"accurate":[74,84],"model.":[75,139],"To":[76],"address":[77],"problem,":[79],"this":[80],"proposes":[82],"dynamic":[85,111,182],"phasor":[86,112,183],"model,":[87],"can":[89,114],"effectively":[90],"capture":[91],"critical":[92,102],"dynamics.":[93],"Furthermore,":[94],"we":[95,143],"analyze":[96],"small-signal":[98],"stable":[99],"boundaries":[100],"parameters.":[103],"The":[104],"analysis":[105],"results":[106,174],"demonstrate":[107],"that":[108],"proposed":[110,181,190],"model":[113,184],"reliably":[115],"predict":[116],"instability":[117],"phenomena":[118],"caused":[119],"by":[120,164],"phase":[122],"lag":[123],"arising":[124],"achieving":[128],"accuracy":[130,178],"improvement":[131],"over":[133,165],"65%":[134],"compared":[135,167],"with":[136,168],"common":[138],"For":[140],"enhancement,":[142],"propose":[144],"a":[145],"delay":[146],"compensation":[147],"controller,":[149],"compensates":[151],"negative":[153],"effect":[154],"measurement":[158],"improving":[160],"margin":[163],"40%":[166],"conventional":[170],"method.":[171],"Finally,":[172],"experimental":[173],"validate":[175],"improved":[177],"effectiveness":[187],"controller.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-01T06:05:34.837733","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}