{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413120576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3589400","title":"A Quasi-Virtual DPWM Implemented With Split Modulation Waves for DC-Link Voltage Balancing in Four-Level \u03c0-Type Inverters","display_name":"A Quasi-Virtual DPWM Implemented With Split Modulation Waves for DC-Link Voltage Balancing in Four-Level \u03c0-Type Inverters","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413120576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3589400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3589400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3589400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072405778","display_name":"Qingzeng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5867-3054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingzeng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5867-3054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109378079","display_name":"Yanyan Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyan Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9137-4197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014470883","display_name":"Hailiang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-1513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-1513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064083114","display_name":"Xibo Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8249-5857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xibo Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8249-5857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111246259","display_name":"Chengjian Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengjian Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1087-6502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100648046","display_name":"Rende Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7830-0156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rende Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7830-0156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045167742","display_name":"Qingxiao Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-5881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingxiao Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-5881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69145381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"1","first_page":"1209","last_page":"1222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5755875110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5632331967353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link","display_name":"Link (geometry)","score":0.5334848165512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49508586525917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.45319095253944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.419432669878006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.35501372814178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3253535032272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30600428581237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.10587629675865173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5755875110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5632331967353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5334848165512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49508586525917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.45319095253944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.419432669878006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.35501372814178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3253535032272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30600428581237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.10587629675865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3589400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3589400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4249204372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52477206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4989462719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2024QE283","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6244503734","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52277208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1949052781","https://openalex.org/W1965391908","https://openalex.org/W2020541438","https://openalex.org/W2034592473","https://openalex.org/W2064995575","https://openalex.org/W2104588510","https://openalex.org/W2110410112","https://openalex.org/W2128418645","https://openalex.org/W2132315221","https://openalex.org/W2140103180","https://openalex.org/W2150848856","https://openalex.org/W2172792544","https://openalex.org/W2541515884","https://openalex.org/W2618186414","https://openalex.org/W2799363247","https://openalex.org/W2800922032","https://openalex.org/W2897654123","https://openalex.org/W2898831338","https://openalex.org/W2905404992","https://openalex.org/W2959593765","https://openalex.org/W2990937419","https://openalex.org/W3007572420","https://openalex.org/W3013164025","https://openalex.org/W3046032413","https://openalex.org/W3091671435","https://openalex.org/W3107268737","https://openalex.org/W3118383426","https://openalex.org/W3120525743","https://openalex.org/W3170621478","https://openalex.org/W3198942776","https://openalex.org/W4206753439","https://openalex.org/W4210786912","https://openalex.org/W4214930333","https://openalex.org/W4226277395","https://openalex.org/W4319302583","https://openalex.org/W4378965892","https://openalex.org/W4391237047","https://openalex.org/W4399767976"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1518185400","https://openalex.org/W3200586296","https://openalex.org/W4230332972","https://openalex.org/W1998033311","https://openalex.org/W4247322236","https://openalex.org/W1762272577","https://openalex.org/W4206960768","https://openalex.org/W4229899156","https://openalex.org/W2158247860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,158],"balance":[1,34],"of":[2,48,98,131,171],"dc-link":[3,35,50,96,125,172],"voltages":[4,36,97],"is":[5,17,30,57,82,109,139,150,162],"quite":[6],"a":[7,71,91,104,154],"challenge":[8],"in":[9,41,135],"the":[10,18,46,49,68,85,99,129,136],"four":[11],"level":[12],"(4L)":[13],"\u03c0-type":[14,43,101,146],"inverter,":[15],"which":[16,59],"main":[19],"factor":[20],"limiting":[21],"its":[22,169],"wide":[23],"application.":[24],"In":[25,127],"this":[26],"article,":[27],"an":[28],"investigation":[29],"conducted":[31],"to":[32],"simultaneously":[33],"and":[37,123,141,180],"reduce":[38,67],"switching":[39,64,69],"losses":[40],"4L":[42,100,145],"inverters.":[44],"First,":[45],"mechanism":[47],"voltage":[51,134],"balancing":[52,95,124],"method":[53,108],"based":[54,78,152],"virtual":[55,80],"vectors":[56,81],"analyzed,":[58],"however":[60],"will":[61],"inevitably":[62],"increase":[63],"losses.":[65],"To":[66],"losses,":[70],"discontinuous":[72],"pulse":[73],"width":[74],"modulation":[75,113,178],"(DPWM)":[76],"implemented":[77],"on":[79,153],"presented.":[83,142],"Then,":[84],"vector":[86],"sequences":[87],"are":[88,119],"rearranged":[89],"proposing":[90],"quasi-virtual":[92,137,160],"DPWM":[93,138,161],"for":[94,121],"inverter.":[102],"And":[103],"simplified":[105],"carrier-based":[106],"implementation":[107],"introduced":[110],"with":[111],"split":[112],"waves.":[114],"Auxiliary":[115],"closed":[116],"control":[117,156],"loops":[118],"designed":[120],"controlling":[122],"voltages.":[126],"addition,":[128],"advantage":[130],"low":[132,181],"common-mode":[133,182],"analyzed":[140],"A":[143],"three-phase":[144],"inverter":[147],"experimental":[148],"setup":[149],"built":[151],"DSP-FPGA":[155],"board.":[157],"proposed":[159],"finally":[163],"verified":[164],"by":[165],"comparative":[166],"experiments,":[167],"showing":[168],"controllability":[170],"voltages,":[173],"high":[174,176],"efficiency,":[175],"linear":[177],"index,":[179],"voltage.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}