{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411408002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3572930","title":"White-Box High-Frequency Impedance Modeling of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Using Small-Signal Time-Harmonic Finite Element Analysis","display_name":"White-Box High-Frequency Impedance Modeling of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Using Small-Signal Time-Harmonic Finite Element Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411408002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3572930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3572930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3572930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050217747","display_name":"Sa Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-3537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799736854","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00n6txq60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sa Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-3537","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003662499","display_name":"Weizhong Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weizhong Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Easitech Corporation, Hangzhou, China","Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Easitech Corporation, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115067965","display_name":"Runqing Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799736854","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00n6txq60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runqing Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4984-4768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054219467","display_name":"Zhaohai Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohai Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Easitech Corporation, Hangzhou, China","Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6581-4429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Easitech Corporation, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102545097","display_name":"Zhuocheng Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482657","display_name":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q963474","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuocheng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, School of Engineering, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9179-3017","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, School of Engineering, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380","https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380","https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10436548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"12","first_page":"12298","last_page":"12308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12898","display_name":"Induction Heating and Inverter Technology","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-analysis","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","score":0.6946951746940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.6097022891044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.5620265007019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.543727457523346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.49793410301208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.451055645942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4435116946697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.36902326345443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3679425120353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36587631702423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3030235767364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2925974726676941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.13473832607269287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.6946951746940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.6097022891044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.5620265007019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.543727457523346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.49793410301208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.451055645942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4435116946697235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36902326345443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3679425120353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36587631702423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3030235767364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2925974726676941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.13473832607269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3572930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3572930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3280784751","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51907053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972418455","https://openalex.org/W2026306152","https://openalex.org/W2107132220","https://openalex.org/W2143167015","https://openalex.org/W2150779418","https://openalex.org/W2152502362","https://openalex.org/W2487600668","https://openalex.org/W2500485151","https://openalex.org/W2561414421","https://openalex.org/W2789761597","https://openalex.org/W3047968201","https://openalex.org/W3088168895","https://openalex.org/W3138053265","https://openalex.org/W3166422362","https://openalex.org/W3176704072","https://openalex.org/W3196228271","https://openalex.org/W3201724867","https://openalex.org/W4281676992","https://openalex.org/W4285742910","https://openalex.org/W4312633692","https://openalex.org/W4360995425","https://openalex.org/W4390416058","https://openalex.org/W4391467958","https://openalex.org/W4391620898","https://openalex.org/W4391971076","https://openalex.org/W4396680589","https://openalex.org/W4403276935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587667458","https://openalex.org/W2164070943","https://openalex.org/W2138001257","https://openalex.org/W2983963786","https://openalex.org/W1861882962","https://openalex.org/W1497667432","https://openalex.org/W2163128389","https://openalex.org/W2121926536","https://openalex.org/W1516921425","https://openalex.org/W2390836177"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"advances":[2],"a":[3,32,78,102,180,192],"two-dimensional":[4],"(2-D)":[5],"coupled":[6],"field-circuit":[7],"small-signal":[8],"time-harmonic":[9],"finite":[10],"element":[11],"analysis":[12],"(THFEA)":[13],"method":[14],"for":[15,66],"achieving":[16],"comprehensive":[17],"modeling":[18],"of":[19,42,60,91,138,160,167],"high-frequency":[20],"(HF)":[21],"impedances":[22,159],"in":[23,48,75,186,198],"permanent":[24],"magnet":[25],"synchronous":[26],"machines":[27],"(PMSMs).":[28],"The":[29,150],"model":[30,152],"incorporates":[31],"frequency-dependent":[33],"complex":[34,83,111],"differential":[35],"reluctivity":[36],"tensor":[37],"to":[38,87,107,121],"simulate":[39],"the":[40,61,89,114,136,145,157,165,187,199],"impact":[41,137],"hysteresis,":[43],"eddy":[44,67,92],"currents,":[45],"and":[46,56,97,126,190],"saturation":[47],"electrical":[49],"steel":[50],"sheets":[51],"on":[52,94,144,179,191],"self-inductance,":[53],"mutual":[54],"inductance,":[55],"iron":[57],"loss":[58,140],"resistance":[59,96,127],"machines.":[62],"To":[63],"efficiently":[64],"account":[65],"current":[68],"effects":[69],"without":[70],"requiring":[71],"excessive":[72],"mesh":[73],"refinement":[74],"winding":[76,95],"regions,":[77],"homogeneous":[79],"material":[80],"with":[81,182,194],"equivalent":[82,110],"permeability":[84],"is":[85,105,118,141],"used":[86],"replicate":[88],"influence":[90],"currents":[93],"slot":[98],"leakage":[99,124],"inductance.":[100],"Additionally,":[101],"practical":[103],"approach":[104],"proposed":[106],"determine":[108],"this":[109],"permeability.":[112],"Subsequently,":[113],"2-D":[115],"axisymmetric":[116],"THFEA":[117],"then":[119],"performed":[120],"evaluate":[122],"end":[123],"inductance":[125],"at":[128,170],"varying":[129],"frequencies.":[130],"Besides,":[131],"when":[132],"computing":[133],"parasitic":[134],"capacitances,":[135],"dielectric":[139],"considered":[142],"based":[143],"<italic":[146],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[147],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Debye</i>":[148],"model.":[149],"developed":[151],"not":[153],"only":[154],"accurately":[155],"computes":[156],"HF":[158],"PMSMs":[161],"but":[162],"also":[163],"enables":[164],"prediction":[166],"overvoltage":[168],"distribution":[169],"arbitrary":[171],"locations":[172],"within":[173],"windings.":[174],"Experimental":[175],"validation":[176],"was":[177],"conducted":[178],"PMSM":[181],"concentrated":[183],"round-wire":[184],"windings":[185,197],"frequency":[188],"domain":[189],"stator":[193],"distributed":[195],"hairpin":[196],"time":[200],"domain.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}