{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411019908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3569948","title":"Online Health Monitoring of Silicon PV Panels by Converter-Based Impedance Spectroscopy: Panel-Level Equivalent Circuit Model and Health Feature Extraction","display_name":"Online Health Monitoring of Silicon PV Panels by Converter-Based Impedance Spectroscopy: Panel-Level Equivalent Circuit Model and Health Feature Extraction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411019908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3569948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3569948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3569948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633184","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-6694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802759292","display_name":"Franche-Comt\u00e9 \u00c9lectronique M\u00e9canique Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/004fmxv66","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37553959","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de technologie de belfort-montb\u00e9liard","ror":"https://ror.org/05bn3m307","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37553959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104533","display_name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Recherche FCLAB","ror":"https://ror.org/01kvxx237","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I4210154111","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB), Belfort, France","Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB),, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Belfort, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-6694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB), Belfort, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I37553959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB),, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Belfort, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014188352","display_name":"Zhixue Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-3617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802759292","display_name":"Franche-Comt\u00e9 \u00c9lectronique M\u00e9canique Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/004fmxv66","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37553959","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de technologie de belfort-montb\u00e9liard","ror":"https://ror.org/05bn3m307","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37553959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104533","display_name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Recherche FCLAB","ror":"https://ror.org/01kvxx237","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I4210154111","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixue Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB), Belfort, France","Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB),, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Belfort, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-3617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB), Belfort, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I37553959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB),, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Belfort, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087627752","display_name":"Michel Aillerie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-2415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148061","display_name":"Laboratoire Mat\u00e9riaux Optiques, Photonique et Syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/055swm364","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210110412","https://openalex.org/I4210139971","https://openalex.org/I4210148061","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Aillerie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université de Lorraine and CentraleSupelec, Laboratoire Matériaux, Optique, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), Metz, France","Laboratoire Matériaux, Optique, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), Université de Lorraine and CentraleSupelec, Metz, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-2415","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université de Lorraine and CentraleSupelec, Laboratoire Matériaux, Optique, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), Metz, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148061"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Matériaux, Optique, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), Université de Lorraine and CentraleSupelec, Metz, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210148061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015412323","display_name":"Marie\u2010C\u00e9cile P\u00e9ra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1436-111X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802759292","display_name":"Franche-Comt\u00e9 \u00c9lectronique M\u00e9canique Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/004fmxv66","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37553959","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de technologie de belfort-montb\u00e9liard","ror":"https://ror.org/05bn3m307","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37553959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104533","display_name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Recherche FCLAB","ror":"https://ror.org/01kvxx237","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I4210154111","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie-C\u00e9cile P\u00e9ra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB), Belfort, France","Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB),, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Belfort, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1436-111X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB), Belfort, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I37553959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut FEMTO-ST, Fuel Cell Lab (FCLAB),, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Belfort, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067493074","display_name":"Daniel Hissel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-3320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802759292","display_name":"Franche-Comt\u00e9 \u00c9lectronique M\u00e9canique Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/004fmxv66","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37553959","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de technologie de belfort-montb\u00e9liard","ror":"https://ror.org/05bn3m307","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37553959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104533","display_name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Recherche FCLAB","ror":"https://ror.org/01kvxx237","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I4210154111","https://openalex.org/I4405256580","https://openalex.org/I53262699"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Hissel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, UTBM, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, FCLAB, Belfort, France","UTBM, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, FCLAB, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Belfort, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-3320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, UTBM, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, FCLAB, Belfort, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I37553959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UTBM, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, FCLAB, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, Belfort, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I4210104533","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100633184"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802759292","https://openalex.org/I37553959","https://openalex.org/I4210104533"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9164,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72760539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"12","first_page":"14746","last_page":"14754"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.9343000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.933899998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalent-circuit","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","score":0.6672759652137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-spectroscopy","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","score":0.6216349005699158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.5526988506317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5088918209075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon","display_name":"Silicon","score":0.4815100133419037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4410651922225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43447208404541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.41739973425865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3562242388725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3441739082336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.31843942403793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2805711328983307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21768227219581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12668710947036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10662087798118591}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23572009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964981","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","level":3,"score":0.6672759652137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7040849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899580","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.6216349005699158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.5526988506317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5088918209075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.4815100133419037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4410651922225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43447208404541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.41739973425865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3562242388725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3441739082336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31843942403793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2805711328983307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21768227219581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12668710947036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10662087798118591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2025.3569948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3569948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05293839v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-05293839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2025, 54 (7), pp.1-9. ⟨10.1109/TIE.2025.3569948⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2568003367","https://openalex.org/W4382021005","https://openalex.org/W2068623945","https://openalex.org/W2896568827","https://openalex.org/W4243773385","https://openalex.org/W4206569389","https://openalex.org/W2050511751","https://openalex.org/W3209857138","https://openalex.org/W2117283676","https://openalex.org/W2393144863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Converter-based":[0],"impedance":[1],"spectroscopy":[2],"(IS)":[3],"provides":[4],"a":[5,23,45,139,186],"promising":[6],"tool":[7],"to":[8,21,59,137,198,236,256,264],"achieve":[9],"online":[10,104],"health":[11,141,205],"monitoring":[12,142],"of":[13,28,34,55,68,113,172,190,240,301],"photovoltaic":[14],"(PV)":[15],"panels":[16,146],"without":[17],"additional":[18],"equipment.":[19],"However,":[20],"obtain":[22],"relatively":[24],"complete":[25],"IS":[26,74,183],"spectrum":[27],"the":[29,32,35,49,64,69,87,96,107,111,121,160,165,170,176,181,214,238,258,266,291,297,302],"PV":[30,70,91,145,259,303],"panel,":[31],"frequency":[33,188],"perturbation":[36],"signal":[37],"should":[38],"reach":[39],"at":[40,95,106,164],"least":[41],"100":[42],"kHz,":[43,195],"posing":[44],"great":[46],"challenge":[47],"for":[48,103,144],"current":[50],"switching":[51],"and":[52,61,168,193,210,242,262,283],"sampling":[53],"devices":[54],"power":[56],"converters.":[57],"Meanwhile,":[58],"correctly":[60],"clearly":[62],"interpret":[63],"internal":[65,161],"physical":[66],"processes":[67,163],"panel":[71,108],"based":[72,212],"on":[73,213],"measurements,":[75],"establishing":[76],"an":[77,151],"appropriate":[78,152],"ac":[79],"equivalent":[80],"circuit":[81],"model":[82],"(ac-ECM)":[83],"is":[84,116,155],"essential.":[85],"Nowadays,":[86],"existing":[88],"ac-ECMs":[89],"in":[90,200],"domain":[92],"are":[93,207],"generally":[94],"cell":[97,166],"level,":[98],"which":[99,119],"exhibit":[100],"inherent":[101],"complexity":[102],"implementation":[105],"level.":[109],"Moreover,":[110],"effect":[112],"bypass":[114,173],"diodes":[115],"typically":[117],"ignored,":[118],"affects":[120],"analysis":[122],"under":[123,274],"faulty":[124],"conditions,":[125,277],"such":[126],"as":[127],"partial":[128,284],"shading.":[129],"To":[130],"address":[131],"these":[132],"issues,":[133],"this":[134],"work":[135],"aims":[136],"propose":[138],"systematic":[140],"methodology":[143,293],"by":[147,157],"converter-based":[148],"IS.":[149],"First,":[150],"panel-level":[153],"ac-ECM":[154,178],"established":[156],"both":[158],"simplifying":[159],"relaxation":[162],"level":[167],"considering":[169],"existence":[171],"diodes.":[174],"Second,":[175],"proposed":[177,215,292],"enables":[179],"fitting":[180],"measured":[182],"spectra":[184],"over":[185],"lower":[187],"range":[189],"1":[191],"Hz":[192],"2":[194],"efficiently":[196,295],"responding":[197],"variations":[199],"environmental":[201],"conditions.":[202],"Third,":[203],"four":[204],"features":[206],"originally":[208],"defined":[209],"extracted":[211],"ac-ECM,":[216],"including":[217,278],"ln(Rp)/VPV,":[226],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">CPV":[235],"analyze":[237],"influence":[239],"temperature":[241],"output":[243],"voltage,":[244],"s":[249],"+":[250],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">p":[255],"reflect":[257],"panel\u2019s":[260],"conductivity,":[261],"\u03c4":[263],"describe":[265],"recombination":[267],"process.":[268],"Experimental":[269],"verification":[270],"has":[271],"been":[272],"performed":[273],"various":[275],"operating":[276,299],"different":[279,298],"temperatures,":[280],"irradiance":[281],"levels":[282],"shading":[285],"percentages.":[286],"The":[287],"results":[288],"indicate":[289],"that":[290],"can":[294],"characterize":[296],"conditions":[300],"panel.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}